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Virology > RNA - Retroviridae > Flashcards

RNA - Retroviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What do the following non defective retrovirus genes encode?

gag, pol, env

A

gag- encodes virion core protein

pol- encodes RT and IN

env- encodes envelope

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2
Q

T/F: Retroviruses are more commonly to use receptor mediated penetration

A

False

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3
Q

What do retroviruses use to transcrbe DNA from the RNA virion?

A

Reverse Transcriptase

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4
Q

What do retroviruses lack that causes them to have a high frequency in replication?

A

3’ to 5’ exonuclease proofreading mechanism

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5
Q

T/F: Endogenous retroviruses are non-pathogenic

A

True

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6
Q

Which gene is lost during recombination when the retrovirus takes the proto-oncogene?

A

env gene

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7
Q

T/F: All V-onc containing viruses have incomplete envelope and are replicatively defective and most assoiciate with non-defective retroviruses.

A

False

Except ROUS sarcoma virus

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8
Q

T/F: Slow chronic transforming retroviruses have no v-onc genes

A

True

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9
Q

Which TYPE of retroviruses leads to malignant transformation?

A

slow/chronic transforming retroviruses

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10
Q

What is the etiology of Bovine Leukemia

A

Deltavirus of Retroviridae

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11
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission of Bovine Leukemia

A

Through lymphocytes from one animal to the next animal

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12
Q

Is the pX sequence an oncogene and what does it encode?

A

No. It encodes the tax protein

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13
Q

Tax protein plays a central role in…

A

leukomogenesis

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14
Q

Dairy Cattle is the main target of which virus and disease?

A

Bovine leukemia. Retrovirus

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15
Q

What does BLV target?

A

B lymphocytes

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16
Q

T/F: Cattle with BoLA-Aw with 7 alleles are susceptible to Bovine Leukemia

A

False. Cattle with 12 alleles

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17
Q

BLV provirus is expressed into viral proteins known as?

A

blue hexagon

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18
Q

What percent of cattle get persistent lymphocytosis (PL) when infected with BLV?

A

30-70%

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19
Q

What occurs during the tumor phase of bovine leukemia?

A

infected B cell transforming (black) to lymphosacomas, sudden death from hemorrhage of the spleen

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20
Q

Which organs can develop lymphosarcomas when infected with BLV?

A

liver, kidney, heart, lungs, abomasum

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21
Q

T/F: With serology of BLV, all infected cattle will have antibodies against protein p24 and envelope gp51 in the serum

A

True

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22
Q

T/F: Rectal palpation can transfer BLV

A

True, contaminated sleeves

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23
Q

How do you eradicate BLV?

A
  1. AGID test
  2. Cull the positive
  3. Retest in 30-60 days
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24
Q
A
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25
Q

What is the etiology of Feline Leukemia?

A

Gammavirus of Retroviruses

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26
Q

Explain the p27 protein of FeLV

A

gag gene, capsid protein (core), found in the cytoplasm in blood, tears, and **saliva, **major specific antigen

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27
Q

Which gene is associated with p15E of FeLV?

A

env gene

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28
Q

which protein is responsible for the attachment of FeLV?

A

gp70 protein

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29
Q

which of the four subgroups of FeLV is highly contagious?

A

FeLV A

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30
Q

Which subtype is the ONLY one transmitted horizontally in FeLV?

A

FeLV A

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31
Q

Which subgroups of FeLV is at a high risk of tumors?

A

FeLV A and B combo

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32
Q

T/F: FeLV is rapidly inactivated by common disinfectants

A

True

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33
Q

Where is FeLV most commonly found? (think of transmission)

A

**Saliva, **feces, urine, fleas

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34
Q

What does the FeLV virus target?

A

T and B lymphocytes

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35
Q

Do you find antigens in the blood of abortive infections of FeLV?

A

not really

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36
Q

What happens in Regressive infection of FeLV after it has infected the bone marrow?

A

Cats cannot eliminate it

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37
Q

T/F: Regressive infection of FeLV can result in latency

A

True. reactivated by immunosuppression

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38
Q

T/F Progressive infection of FeLV does not have extensive replication and persistent viremia.

A

False

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39
Q

oncogenic infection of FeLV

A
  • insertion of FeLV in cellular genome near oncogene= activation
  • Recombinant viruses are rearranged
  • U3-LTR regoin activates NF-Kappa B (controls transcription of DNA)
40
Q

What is FOMCA?

A

tumor specific antigen of FeLV

41
Q

Majority of cats with FeLV have what type of clinical signs?

A

self limiting - no disease. develop neutralizing/FOMCA antibodies. may not develop viremia

42
Q

What are the 3 forms of lymphosarcoma of neoplastic disease in FeLV?

A

multicentric - t cell,

thymic - t cell, kittens,

alimentary - b cell, older cats

(see ppt for details)

43
Q

ELISA, IFA, and SNAP tests detects what in FeLV

A
  • p27 in blood, saliva, tears
  • cell membranes of NO and platelets
  • serum, plasma, coagulated whole blood

respectively

44
Q

What type of vaccine is used to treat FeLV?

A

Canarypox carrying FeLV gag and env genes

genetically engineered vax such as gp70 subunit vaccine

45
Q

What are the three forms of Sporadic Bovine Leukosis

A

Juvenil, Thymic, cutaneous

46
Q

T/F: FeSV has v-onc but is defective and loses its env gene

A

True

47
Q

What do Fibrosarcomas express in FeSV?

A

FOMCA antigens

48
Q

T/F: all strains that cause fibrosarcoma in FeSV are not pseudotypes

A

False

49
Q

What is the etiology of Avian Leukosis?

A

Alpharetrovirus

50
Q

What are the subgroups of Avian Leukosis and their association?

A

Subgroup A & B - most field outbreaks

C&D - detected infrequently

E - endognous and non oncogenic

J - myeloid leukosis

51
Q

What happens if Avian leukemia is transmitted congenitall via the egg or within the first few days of life?

A

chicken develops a viremia that persists for lide due to immunogical tolerance

52
Q

T/F: Congenital transmission is a major source of exogenous virus that can be spread to contact birds

A

True

53
Q

T/F: Chickens infected with avian leukosis horizontally are most likely to develop trasient viremia and leukemia

A

False. They develop transient viremia and are unlikely to develop leukemia

54
Q

What is the outcome of getting avian leukosis through vertical transmission? Congenital?

A
  • Latency, no viremia, no leukemia
  • May develop leukemia, yes virema
55
Q

What is the primary target cell of avian leukosis

A

B lymphocytes of Bursa Fabricus

56
Q

Exogenous replication competent vs endogenous replication defective of avian leukosis

A

endogenous - replication occurs where the c-onc gene is disturbed

exogenous - require a v-onc from a c-onc and then induce malignancytumors rapidly

57
Q

What disease do you get with exogenous _competent _replication?

A

lymphoid leukosis (BIG LIVER DISEASE)

osteopetrosis (not neoplastic-thick leg)

renal tumors

58
Q

What diseases do you get with exogenous replication defective?

A

myeloblastosis

myelocytomatosis

erythoblastosis

**outcome of above: to anemia and leukemia**

59
Q

What is the etiology of FIV?

A

Lentivirus

60
Q

What are the 5 subtypes of FIV based on?

A

env gene

61
Q

Which subtypes are dominant in North America?

A

Subtypes A and B

62
Q

How is FIV transmitted?

A

Saliva- **cat bite! **(lifelong)

OUCH!

63
Q

What is the hall mark of FIV?

Pathogenesis?

A

Disruption of immune system

Progressive loss of CD4 helper T lymphocytes–>

  1. decreased production secondary to the bone marrow or thymic infection
  2. cytopathic effect
  3. CTL mediated cytolysis or death by apoptosis
64
Q

Aquired immunodeficiency occurs in which clinical phase of FIV?

A

Terminal phase

65
Q

Persistent lymphandomegaly occurs in what clinical phase of FIV?

A

Latent phase

66
Q

T/F: FIV can cause ulcerative stomatitis

A

True

67
Q

SNAP detects what in FIV test?

A

p24 core antibody

68
Q

T/F: there is evidence of FIV being transmitted to humans

A

False. FIV is highly species specific for felids

69
Q

What is the etiology of Equine Infectious Anemia?

A

Lentivirus of Retroviridae

70
Q

What is the pathogenesis of EIA?

A
  • Persistent Ag-Ab formation result in vasculitis

–>inflammatory changes in parenchymatous organs,

(LIVER)

  • Vasculitis in CNS - ataxia, spinal leptomeningitis, encephalomyelitis
  • Glomerulonephritis - immune comples mediated
71
Q

How is EIA transmitted?

A

Blood cells, mechanical by tabanida, stable flies, mosquitoes, and culicoides spp.

72
Q

Equine infection anemia results in what type of hypersensitivity?

A

Type II

Trigger Erythrophagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes and complement mediated hemolysis

73
Q

T/F: EIA virus adsorbs to RBCs and results in erythophagolysis, MAC mediated lysis, and phagocytosis by splenic MO

A

True

74
Q

What are the acute clinical signs of EIA?

A

anemia, jaundice, blood stained feces and petechial hemorrhage of the mucosa

75
Q

What are the chronic clinical signs if EIA?

A

episodal or persistent fever, cachexia, ventral edema

76
Q

T/F: Bone Marrow Hyperplasia is a result of EIA

A

True

77
Q

What does the Coggins Test detect?

A

It detects the p26 protein of the EIA virus.

Detects all infected animals except those in early incubation period, first 2-3 weeks after infection.

78
Q

What is the etiology of the Caprine Arthritis Encephalomyelitis virus?

A

Caprine Lentivirus

79
Q

What is the main route of transmission of CAE?

A

Colostrum and milk from doe to newborn

80
Q

CAE has persistent infection of what tye of cells

A

MO and monocytes

81
Q

At what age would you see arthritis in a goat infected with CAE?

A

1 year or older

82
Q

Which virus would you see “big knee” and hyperplastic synovitits?

A

CAE

83
Q

At what age would you see encephamlomyelitis in a goat infected with CAE?

A

kids 1-5 months

84
Q

indurative mastitis (hard bag) is a clinical sign of what virus?

A

CAE

side note: non inflammatory indurative mastitis is a clinical sign of Maedi/Visna disease

85
Q

T/F: Interstitial pneumonia is mostly found in kids with CAE

A

False. Mostly adults

86
Q

how do you control CAE

A

Remove kids from infected dam at birth and feed them clean colostrum.

Side note: Colostrum from CAEV does can be used if treated at 56 C for 1 hour.

87
Q

What is the etiology of Maedi/Visna Disease?

A

Ovine Lentivirus

88
Q

How is Maedi/Visna transmitted?

A
  •  Aerosolization
  •  Ingestion of feces or urine contaminated water
  •  Colostrum and milk. Intra-uterine infection infrequent.
  •  Biting arthropods (from sheep with lifelong viremia)
  •  Contaminated surgical instruments
89
Q

T/F: Maedi/Visna is a pathogenesis of lifelong leukocyte, cell-associated viremia

A

False. Lymphocytes

90
Q

Which disease is this?

Sheep comes in with coughing, shortness of breath, progressive weight loss, emaciation, dyspnea.

A

Maedi

91
Q

Which disease is this?

Sheep comes in with alowly progressive ataxia, trembling, paresis or total paralysis

A

Visna disease

92
Q

T/F Maedi/Visna can result in polyarthritis

A

True

93
Q

T/F: Maedi-Visna persist in presence of antibodies and cell-mediated immune response

A

True

94
Q

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Control of Maedi/Visna:
Noninfected flock: Quarantine and testing of incoming animals.

Retesting of flock every 12 months to maintain a virus-free status.

Removal of seropositive animals
Isolation of lambs at birth from seropositive ewes.

A

 Retesting of flock every 12 months to maintain a virus-free status.

Every 6 months

95
Q
A

Virology (5 decks)

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