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Virology > RNA - Picornaviridae > Flashcards

RNA - Picornaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Is picornviridae enveloped or nonenveloped?

A

nonenveloped

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2
Q

How do picorn virions appear in electron micrographs?

A

smooth and circular

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3
Q

What is the genome RNA protein of picorn? Is the genomic RNA infectious or noninfectious?

A

Genomic RNA has a protein, VPg, linked covalently to its 5’- end.

Genomic RNA is infectious.

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4
Q

T/F:  Most picornaviruses cause rapid cell death with characteristic CPE (cytopathic effects)

A

True

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5
Q

Picron consists of how many genera?

A

29

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6
Q

What distinguishes the different genera of picorn?

A

their stability at low pH

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7
Q

Etiology of FMD?

A

Alpthovirus

aptha means smal ulcer

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8
Q

How many serotypes of FMD? Subtypes?

A

7, 80

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9
Q

Which species is genetically resistant to FMD

A

Horses.

All hooved animals can get FMD

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10
Q

Where is FMD still enzootic?

A

FMD is still enzootic in much of Africa, Asia and the Middle East.

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11
Q

Stability of FMD - what is FMD is sensitive to?

A

virus is sensitive to acid and alkaline pH [stable at pH 6-9], sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and citric or acetic acid are effective disinfectants.

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12
Q

How is FMD transmitted?

A

Inhaled/Aerosol. Can spread over countries

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13
Q

Patho of FMD?

A

Inhalation/Ingestion  Oropharyngeal infection  Viremia  Spread to different organs & tissues  Replication in epidermal cells  Characteristic vesicular lesions.

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14
Q

Which disease would you find the Tiger Heart and what species?

A

Commonly seen in fatal FMD cases in young calves, lambs, goats, pigs and buffaloes

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15
Q

When is FMD detectable in Cattle and sheep?

A

 Cattle: up to 2 years  Sheep: up to 6 months

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16
Q

Is FMD persistent in swine?

A

No woman!

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17
Q

T/F:

FMD virus may persist in the pharynx of some animals for a prolonged period after recovery.

A

True

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18
Q

T/F: FMD clinical signs: Most severe in pigs and intensively reared cattle

A

False. Vice versa

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19
Q

Disease in Cattle?

  • Fever, anorexia, depression, and a marked decrease in milk production.
  • Drooling and vesicles appear on tongue and gums, interdigital skin, coronary band, teats.
  • The vesicles soon rupture, producing large, crater-like ulcers
A

FMD

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20
Q

Disease in Cattle?

  • In calves up to 6 months of age = death.
  • Tiger Heart
  • Abortion
  • Hairy Panters
    • Chronic syndrome of anemia, diabetes mellitus, overgrowth of hair and poor heat tolerance.
    • Probably due to Endocrine damage.
A

FMD

21
Q

What is the first sign of FMD in swine?

A

lameness is often the first sign

22
Q

Clinical signs of FMD in Sheep?

A

Mostly subclinical infections

If disease occurs, it is usually very mild

23
Q

How do you sample FMD?

A

Samples of vesicular epithelium or vesicular fluid should be sent in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) .

Samples must be kept as close as possible to pH 7.4 to prevent destruction of the FMD virus and antigen.

24
Q

What is the most preferred way to test FMD?

A

ELISA

25
Q

How do you distinguish infected animals from vaccinated animals (DIVA) with FMD.

A

Tests for antibodies to the nonstructural proteins (NSP) of FMD virus

26
Q

Is FMD reportable?

A

yes

27
Q

Is FMD zoonotic?

A

yes

28
Q

Etiology of Avian Encephalomyelitis?

A

Tremovirus

29
Q

What age is AE commonly found

A

1-3wk chicks

30
Q

Transmission of AE?

A

Fecal Oral.

Via egg during viremia phase of laying the eggs

31
Q

What is the incubation of vertical transmission?

A

1-7 days

32
Q

What is the incubation of horizantal transmission?

A

11 days

33
Q

Are gross lesions seen in the infected brain of a bird with AE?

A

No woman!

34
Q

What is strongly suggestive of avian encephalomyelitis?

A

Central chromatolysis of neurons in the medulla oblongata

35
Q

T/F: Avian encephalomyelitis infection is seen as two distinct syndromes depending on the age when the susceptible chicken is infected

A

True

36
Q

Disease in chickens?

  • Ataxia and leg weakness that varies from sitting on hocks to paresis that progresses to paralysis and recumbency.
  • Fine tremors of the head and neck are evident in some birds and are characteristic of the disease (Epidemic tremors).
  • Prostration, blindness, coma and death.
A

Avian Encephalomyelitis

37
Q

What type of chickens would you find AE affecting the nervous system

A

Young chickens

38
Q

What type of chickens would you find AE showing no neurologic signs

A

Laying chickens

side note: hatchability may drop due to lateembryonic mortality

39
Q

Birds that survive an acute infection of avian encephalomyelitis may develop what?

A
  • cataract (a blue opacity of the lens).
  • CNS deficiencies.
40
Q

Describe the vaccine for avian encephalomyelitits

A

AE vaccine is usually combined with fowlpox vaccine and given by wing-web inoculation.

41
Q

T/F: AE virus causes disease in people or other mammals.

A

False

42
Q

Etiology of encephalomyocarditis

A

Cardiovirus

43
Q

What is the natural host of encephalomyocarditits?

A

Rodents

44
Q

In what species has fatality been reported in encephalomyocarditits?

A

swine and wildlife especially elephants

45
Q

How is encephalomyocarditits transmitted?

A

contaminated water or feed with rodent urine or feces

transplacental

46
Q

T/F: Acute and subacute deaths are almost always attributed to the destructive effects of the virus on the myocardium.

A

True

47
Q

Disease in pigs?

Nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis.

Cases of reproductive failure due to near-term abortions (107–111 days of gestation), stillbirths, and mummifications

A

Encephalomyocarditis

48
Q
A

Virology (5 decks)

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