RNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is a genome

Answer 1

The complete set of genes in a cell

Question 2

What is a proteome

Answer 2

Full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce

Question 3

Describe the structure of mRNA

Answer 3

-short,single polynucleotide strand
-groups of 3 adjacent bases are codons

Question 4

Describe the structure of tRNA

Answer 4

-single polynucleotide strand folded into a clover shape
- hydrogen bonds between base pairs to hold the molecule in shape
-each tRNA molecule has a sequence of 3 bases called anticodons
-have an amino acid binding site at each end

Question 5

What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis

Answer 5

1.transcription
2.translation

Question 6

Describe transcription process and how it forms mRNA

Answer 6

-hydrogen bonds between DNA bases break by DNA helicase
-only one strand acts as a template
-free RNA nucleotides align by complementary base pairing
-in RNA uracil base pairs with adenine
-RNA polymerase joins adjacent RNA nucleotides by phosphodiester bonds
-pre-mRNA Is spliced and introns are removed to form mRNA

Question 7

Describe how a polypeptide is formed by translation

Answer 7

• mRNA attaches to ribosomes
  -tRNA anticodons bind to complementary mRNA codons
• tRNA brings a specific amino acid
• amino acids join by peptide bonds with the use of ATP
• tRNA is released after amino acid is joined
  -the ribosome moves along the mRNA to form the polypeptide

Question 8

What is a codon

Answer 8

Three bases on the mRNA that code for a specific amino acid