DNA Genes Chromosomes Flashcards
Compare and contrast DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
-eukaryotic DNA is longer whereas prokaryotic is shorter
-eukaryotic DNA is associated with histone proteins whereas prokaryotic is not
-eukaryotic DNA is linear whereas prokaryotic is circular
-eukaryotic DNA contains introns whereas prokaryotic doesn’t
Both
-nucleotides are joined by phosphodiester bond
-nucleotide structure is identical
What is a chromosome
a DNA molecule coiled tightly and it’s associated proteins
What is a gene
Base sequence of DNA that codes for the amino acids sequence of a polypeptide or a functional RNA
What is a locus
A gene occupies a fixed position on a particular DNA molecule
What is a triplet
A sequence of 3 DNA bases codes for a specific amino acid
What are the features of genetic code
1.universal
2.non overlapping
3.degenerate
What is universal
Same triplet of bases codes for the same amino acid in all organisms
What is non overlapping
Each base in a gene is only part of one triplet of bases that codes for an amino acid
What is degenerate
More then one triplet codes for an amino acid
Describe DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts
Short circular and not associated with proteins
What Is the function of histone proteins
Proteins associated with DNA which allows it to be tightly packed helping to support the DNA
What is introns
Sections of the DNA that do not code for polypeptides
Non coding regions
What is exons
Are the sequence of DNA that do code for amino acids
Describe DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Long, linear + associated with histone proteins
Describe DNA in prokaryotic cells
Short circular and not associated with proteins
