RNA and Prokaryotic Transcription

Question 1

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA):
Cell type, Location, function

Answer 1

Bacterial and eukaryotic
Cytoplasm
Structural and functional components of the ribosome

Question 2

Messenger RNA (mRNA):
Cell type, Location, function

Answer 2

Bacterial and eukaryotic
Nucleus and cytoplasm
Carries genetic code for proteins

Question 3

Transfer RNA (tRNA):
Cell type, Location, function

Answer 3

Bacterial and eukaryotic
Cytoplasm
Helps incorporate amino acids into polypeptide chain

Question 4

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA):

Cell type, Location, function

Answer 4

Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Processing of pre-mRNA

Question 5

Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA):

Cell type, Location, function

Answer 5

Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Processing and assembly of mRNA

Question 6

Small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA):

Cell type, Location, function

Answer 6

Eukaryotic
Cytoplasm
Variable

Question 7

MicroRNA (miRNA):

Cell type, Location, function

Answer 7

Eukaryotic
Cytoplasm
Inhibits translation of mRNA

Question 8

Small interfering RNA (siRNA):

Cell type, Location, function

Answer 8

Eukaryotic
Cytoplasm
Triggers degradation of other RNA molecules

Question 9

Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA):

Cell type, Location, function

Answer 9

Eukaryotic
Cytoplasm
Thought to regulate gametogenesis but function is poorly defined

Question 10

Template strand

Answer 10

The nucleotide strand used for transcription

Question 11

Bacterial RNA polymerase (5 subunits)

Answer 11

2 alphas, beta, beta prime, and omega

Question 12

Sigma factor

Answer 12

Controls RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.

Question 13

Holoenzyme

Answer 13

Complex of an enzyme and other proteins needed for complete function

Question 14

RNA polymerase 1 transcribes:

Answer 14

Large rRNAs

Question 15

RNA polymerase 2 transcribes:

Answer 15

Pre-mRNA, some snRNAs, snoRNAs, some miRNAs

Question 16

RNA polymerase 3 transcribes:

Answer 16

tRNAs, small rRNAs, some snRNAs, some miRNAs

Question 17

Rho-dependent transcription termination

Answer 17

Rho binds to RNA and catches up the RNA polymerase after it hits the terminator sequence.

Question 18

Rho-independent transcription termination

Answer 18

Hairpin structures and poly-a regions.

Question 19

Polycistronic RNA

Answer 19

Multiple genes on a single RNA molecule