RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is RNA? How does it differ from DNA

A

ribonucleic acid

single stranded

contains ribose instead of deoxyribose

contains the base uracil instead of thymine

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2
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

plays an essential role in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to the proteins that make up the enzymes and tissues of the body

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3
Q

DNA stores all of the genetic information needed by an organism. Why can’t DNA be transferred?

A

DNA of each eukaryotic chromosomes is a very long molecule, and is unable to leave the nucleus in order to supply information directly to the sites of protein synthesis/

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4
Q

What happens to the RNA molecule after protein synthesis?

A

the phosphodiester bonds are hydrolysed and the RNA nucleotides are released and reused.

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5
Q

WHat is transcription?

A

making RNA

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6
Q

How is pre-RNA made?

A

DNA helicase unzips the DNA strand by breaking the H-bonds

RNA polymerase catalyses the production of an RNA strand, it moves along the strand (known as a template strand) to form a chain of pre-RNA

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7
Q

What happens to the DNA after RNA is formed?

A

DNA behind the RNA polymerase joins to reform the double helix

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8
Q

How is the pre-RNA detached?

A

when RNA polymerase reaches a ‘stop’ codon, the chain is terminated and the pre-mRNA detaches

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9
Q

What is the difference between pre-mRNA and mature mRNA?

A

mature has introns removed (non-coding regions)

also has a cap and tail added so it is the right orientation to join the ribosome

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