RM - More problems with experiments Flashcards

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1
Q

What are demand characteristics?

A

A cue that makes participants unconsciously aware of the aims of a study or helps participants work out what the researcher expects to find.

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2
Q

What is the investigator effect?

A

Anything that an investigator does that affects a participant’s performance in a study other than what was intended, directly (through interaction with the participant) or indirectly (through bias in the study design).

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3
Q

What happens in a single blind design?

A

The participant is not aware of the research aims and/or of which condition of the experiment they are receiving. This prevents the participant from seeking cues about the aims and reacting to them.

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4
Q

What happens in a double blind design?

A

Both the participant and the person conducting the experiment are ‘blind’ to the aims and/or hypotheses. Therefore the person conducting the investigation is less likely to produce cues about about what they expect.

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5
Q

What is experimental realism?

A

If the researcher makes an experimental task sufficiently engaging the participant pays attention to the task and not the fact that they are being observed.

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6
Q

What is a participant variable?

A

Any characteristics of individual participants. (An extraneous variable).

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7
Q

How do you deal with demand characteristics and investigator effects?

A

By using:

  • A single blind design
  • A double blind design
  • Experimental realism
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8
Q

What are situational variables?

A

Those features of a research situation that may influence participants’ behaviour and thus act as EVs of confounding variables. An example of a situational variable is order effects. They are only confounding if they vary systematically with the IV.

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