Rivers and flooding

Question 1

High elevation terrain

Answer 1

influenced by snowpack and spring hydrology

Question 2

Alluvial valley

Answer 2

signature of meandering

Question 3

Stream discharge equation

Answer 3

(Area x velocity x depth )

Question 4

Drainage trends - moving from headwaters toward outlet

Answer 4

• drainage area and discharge area increase
• slope decreases
• channels become deeper, wider, faster

Question 5

How much of the streams energy goes into erosion?

Answer 5

3%

Question 6

Rivers erode rock via:

Answer 6

• abrasion
• plucking
• dissolution

Question 7

Migration of niagara falls

Answer 7

• destabilization of bedrock at base of falls

- upstream propagation of water (knickpoint)

Question 8

Dissolved load

Answer 8

river carries mass in solution (ions)

Question 9

Bedload

Answer 9

particles in contact with riverbed

• rolling
• sliding

Question 10

Suspended load

Answer 10

particles suspended in flow

Question 11

Saltation

Answer 11

decreased pressure above particle casues lift

Question 12

braided streams

Answer 12

• high sediment supply
• multiple channels
• lack of bank stabilization

Question 13

meandering river

Answer 13

migration via : erosion on outer banks
-deposition on innerbanks

oxbox lakes

Question 14

Hydrologic response generalities

Answer 14

1. lag time
2. rising limb
3. peak discharge
4. recessional limb

Question 15

How will the hydrograph change for an urbanized watershed?

Answer 15

The lag time will decrease and the peak discharge will increase

Question 16

Suspended load

Answer 16

What makes river dirty

-sand sediments

Question 17

Difference between braided and meandering rivers

Answer 17

Braided channels change all the time where as meandering is easier to predict where it will change in the future.

Question 18

Four H’s of salmon decline

Answer 18

• Harvest
• hydro
• hatcheries
• habitat