Rivers Flashcards

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1
Q

Where a river begins

A

Source

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2
Q

Wears away the land

A

Erosion

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3
Q

A feature of the lower course

A

On bow lake

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4
Q

A bend in the river

A

Meander

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5
Q

Tidal part of the river

A

Estuary

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6
Q

The feature of upper course river

A

Waterfall

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7
Q

A body of water

A

Lake

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8
Q

What is corrosion

A

Acid in water breaks up rock

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9
Q

What is attrition

A

Rocks carried by the river collide and break into smaller pieces

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10
Q

What is corrasion - abrasion

A

Material being carried by the river rubs against river bed and banks

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11
Q

What is hydraulic action

A

The force of the water breaks away the river bed and banks

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12
Q

What traction

A

Large boulders rolled along river bed

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13
Q

What is saltation

A

Small rocks bounced along river bed

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14
Q

What is suspension

A

Small particles like silt carried along river

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15
Q

What is solution

A

Particles dissolved then carried by river

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16
Q

What are formed due to erosion

A

Headlands and bays

17
Q

What are headlands and bays

A

Land sticks out = headland bay section between headlands

18
Q

How are the headland and bays formed

A

Alternating bands or resistant and non resistant rock .
Resistant rock wears away less = headland
Less resistant rock wears away easily - bay

19
Q

What is mechanical weathering

A

Break down onpf rock without changing chemical state of rock

20
Q

Example of mechanical weathering

A

Freeze thaw
Water gets into rock freezes expands and puts pressure on cracks
Melts and repeats
Constant pressure causes rock to breakdown

21
Q

What is chemical weathering

A

Breakdown of rock by changing its chemical state

22
Q

Example of chemical weathering

A

Rain water
Has carbon dioxide dissolved in it
Carbonic acids reacts with rock breaking it down

23
Q

What is the life cycle of a headland

A

Headland - cracks - cave - arch - stack - stump

24
Q

What is deposition

A

Material carried by sea is dropped on the coast

25
Q

How do constructive waves build up the coastline

A

Have low frequency so can easily drop material
Good Swash but back Swash
Drops material not powerful enough to take it back so leaves it there constructs the coastline

26
Q

How is a beach formed

A

Formed on coasts between high water mark and low water mark and by constructive waves. Dropping sand and shingle

27
Q

What is the difference between shingle and sand beaches

A

Sand - flat and wide have long slopes

Shingle - steep and narrow . Particles to heavy to be carried back down so create steep slope

28
Q

How is a spit formed

A

Sharp bends in coastline
Longshore drift transports shingle past bend bend deposit it in sea
String winds curve the spit
Sheltered area behind it is protected allows plants to grow

29
Q

Hiw is a bar formed

A

Spit joins two headlands together
Bar cuts off bay between headlands from sea
Lagoon forms behind bar

30
Q

Where the river meets the sea

A

Mouth