Rivers

Question 1

watershed

Answer 1

land separating water into rivers

Question 2

confluence

Answer 2

2 rivers join

Question 3

tributary

Answer 3

small river feeding into main river channel

Question 4

upper course

Answer 4

V shaped, narrow, vertical, hard rocks

Question 5

middle course

Answer 5

vertical and lateral, meandering, less load, less gradient, softer rocks

Question 6

lower course

Answer 6

U shaped, lateral, wide, higher velocity, flat plains, soft

Question 7

source to mouth

Answer 7

increased depth, increased velocity, decreased gradient, decreased sediment roughness + softness

Question 8

fluctuating velocity

Answer 8

floods/ waterfall affects fluvial processes

Question 9

fluctuating discharge

Answer 9

weather conditions affects fluvial processes

Question 10

fluctuating velocity

Answer 10

affects transportation and erosion

Question 11

hydraulic

Answer 11

particles dislodged when water forced into gaps

Question 12

abrasion

Answer 12

load hits bed

Question 13

attrition

Answer 13

stones hit each other in river

Question 14

solution

Answer 14

river flows over soluble rocks in acidic water

Question 15

vertical erosion

Answer 15

less energy, causes water to flow around spurs

Question 16

spurs

Answer 16

less resistant routes, fading away as river gains more energy

Question 17

transportation fluvial processes

Answer 17

high velocity, solution, traction, saltation, suspension

Question 18

deposition

Answer 18

less velocity, inside

Question 19

levee formation

Answer 19

emabnkemtn either Sid eof river channel, flooding, decrease velocity, deposition, recedes, increased capacity

Question 20

form under cut and plunge pool

Answer 20

waterfall of cap and soft rock, differential erosion

Question 21

form of gorge

Answer 21

steep sided river valley as waterfall retreats

Question 22

ox bow lake formation

Answer 22

outside has high erosion and velocity, lateral erosion and flooding erodes through the meanders’ narrow neck, deposition

Question 23

meanders

Answer 23

thalweg, river cliff (erosion outside), point bars (deposition), slip off slope

Question 24

estuary

Answer 24

transitional area between sea and land, affected by tide

Question 25

river tees

Answer 25

ugh, murky, dissolved load

Question 26

increasing flooding risk

Answer 26

rain, geology, soil saturation + thickness, time of year, small basin