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Geography > Coastal Landforms > Flashcards

Coastal Landforms Flashcards

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1
Q

waves

A

transfer of energy from air to sea

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2
Q

increase wave size

A

increase speed, fetch, time

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3
Q

destructive waves

A

strong backwash, narrow

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4
Q

constructive waves

A

strong swash, wide

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5
Q

hydraulic action

A

waves crash at base cliff, pressure in cracks

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6
Q

abrasion

A

waves pick of rocks and throw at cliff base

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7
Q

cliff rocks rub together, becoming smaller

A

attrition

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8
Q

solution

A

water has acids

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9
Q

wave refraction

A

energy dissipated at bays, converge headlands

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10
Q

mass movement

A

rocks loosened, fall from cliff via weathering

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11
Q

sliding

A

large rock chunks slide with no caution, mud and rock, steep

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12
Q

slumping

A

concave slip as rotate, soft rocks, slippery clay bottom

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13
Q

rock falls

A

fragments of rock have freeze thaw, break from face, no contact, steep

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14
Q

weathering

A

break down of rocks via weather action

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15
Q

chemical

A

carbonation (mix attack limestone), oxidation

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16
Q

biological

A

plant and animals habitat

17
Q

mechanical

A

freeze-thaw (scree bottom), salt (evaporation, crystals

18
Q

concordant coastline

A

straight, one rock

19
Q

discordant coastline

A

irregular, parallel, differential erosion, multiple rock

20
Q

form headlands and bays

A

dc, headland of more resistant rock so erodes less than bay material

21
Q

wave cut platforms

A

wave hit bottom, erosion at high tide, retreat of cliff from fall overhang

22
Q

cave

A

cracks increased via erosion

23
Q

arch

A

cave breaks through headlands

24
Q

stack

A

arch base widens as top weathers and collapses

25
Q

stump

A

stack erodes and collapses

26
Q

lsd

A

wind wave angle on beach gravity

27
Q

spit

A

coastline changes at angle, LSD continues along straight, exposure, salt marsh behind, stops as dc + strong winds

28
Q

bars

A

spit joins another headland, lagoon

29
Q

sand dunes

A

dry, high sand supply blown to back of beach

30
Q

groynes

A

hard, LSD, expensive

31
Q

sea wall rock armour

A

hard, flood, deflects wave, expensive

32
Q

gabions

A

hard, absorb and dissipate energy, hazardous, expensive,

33
Q

beach replenishment

A

soft, temporary build up of eroded beach, expensive

34
Q

dune regeneration

A

planting

Geography (22 decks)

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