Coastal Landforms

Question 1

waves

Answer 1

transfer of energy from air to sea

Question 2

increase wave size

Answer 2

increase speed, fetch, time

Question 3

destructive waves

Answer 3

strong backwash, narrow

Question 4

constructive waves

Answer 4

strong swash, wide

Question 5

hydraulic action

Answer 5

waves crash at base cliff, pressure in cracks

Question 6

abrasion

Answer 6

waves pick of rocks and throw at cliff base

Question 7

cliff rocks rub together, becoming smaller

Answer 7

attrition

Question 8

solution

Answer 8

water has acids

Question 9

wave refraction

Answer 9

energy dissipated at bays, converge headlands

Question 10

mass movement

Answer 10

rocks loosened, fall from cliff via weathering

Question 11

sliding

Answer 11

large rock chunks slide with no caution, mud and rock, steep

Question 12

slumping

Answer 12

concave slip as rotate, soft rocks, slippery clay bottom

Question 13

rock falls

Answer 13

fragments of rock have freeze thaw, break from face, no contact, steep

Question 14

weathering

Answer 14

break down of rocks via weather action

Question 15

chemical

Answer 15

carbonation (mix attack limestone), oxidation

Question 16

biological

Answer 16

plant and animals habitat

Question 17

mechanical

Answer 17

freeze-thaw (scree bottom), salt (evaporation, crystals

Question 18

concordant coastline

Answer 18

straight, one rock

Question 19

discordant coastline

Answer 19

irregular, parallel, differential erosion, multiple rock

Question 20

form headlands and bays

Answer 20

dc, headland of more resistant rock so erodes less than bay material

Question 21

wave cut platforms

Answer 21

wave hit bottom, erosion at high tide, retreat of cliff from fall overhang

Question 22

cave

Answer 22

cracks increased via erosion

Question 23

arch

Answer 23

cave breaks through headlands

Question 24

stack

Answer 24

arch base widens as top weathers and collapses

Question 25

stump

Answer 25

stack erodes and collapses

Question 26

lsd

Answer 26

wind wave angle on beach gravity

Question 27

spit

Answer 27

coastline changes at angle, LSD continues along straight, exposure, salt marsh behind, stops as dc + strong winds

Question 28

bars

Answer 28

spit joins another headland, lagoon

Question 29

sand dunes

Answer 29

dry, high sand supply blown to back of beach

Question 30

groynes

Answer 30

hard, LSD, expensive

Question 31

sea wall rock armour

Answer 31

hard, flood, deflects wave, expensive

Question 32

gabions

Answer 32

hard, absorb and dissipate energy, hazardous, expensive,

Question 33

beach replenishment

Answer 33

soft, temporary build up of eroded beach, expensive

Question 34

dune regeneration

Answer 34

planting