Rivers

Question 1

Tributary

Answer 1

River or stream flowing into a larger lake or river

Question 2

Confluence

Answer 2

Junction of two rivers

Question 3

Drainage basin

Answer 3

Area where river gets its water

Question 4

Watershed

Answer 4

Area that separates waters flowing into different rivers Basins or seas

Question 5

Attrition

Answer 5

When rocks and stones crash together and bits break off

Question 6

Abrasion

Answer 6

When material carries by river rubs against banks and bed wearing it away

Question 7

Corrosion

Answer 7

Acids dissolved in water wear away rocks

Question 8

Hydraulic action

Answer 8

Force of river breaks off particles from banks and bed air is forced into cracks of bed which blows apart bank

Question 9

Traction

Answer 9

Stones roll across river bed

Question 10

Saltation

Answer 10

Stones bouncing along river bed

Question 11

Suspension

Answer 11

Small particles of mud/clay can be carried floating along river

Question 12

Solution

Answer 12

Dissolved materials containing minerals like calcium and sodium are carried in river

Question 13

Formation of v shaped valley

Answer 13

•The river erodes downwards and boulders and rocks are scraped along the channel bed
•as the river cuts down the steep sides are attacked by weathering, this breaks up and loosens the rock
•the loosened material slowly creeps down the slope and is washed into river

Question 14

Formation of a waterfall

Answer 14

•waterfalls form where more resistant hard rock sits on top of softer rock
•the sorry rock erodes quicker by abrasion. The soft rock erodes back under cutting the hard rock creating a plunge pool
•the unsupported hard rock collapses into the plunge pool, this causes the waterfall to retreat upstream and create a steep sided gorge

Question 15

Formation of a meander

Answer 15

•River flows fastest and has most energy on outside bend to erode by abrasion and hydraulic action the river undercuts the river bank creating a river cliff
•the river is slowest and has least energy on inside bend therefore deposits its load a river beach is formed where the material is sorted so that the largest material is dropped first closest to the shore

Question 16

Formation of oxbow lake

Answer 16

•the river has the most amount of energy on the outside bend this is where erosion takes place
•under flood conditions the river will break through the neck of the meander. The water rapidly looses energy therefore deposits material sealing it off from the main river channel
•deposition cuts off the old meander it may dry up or collect rain water

Question 17

Formation of levees

Answer 17

•when the river floods the speed slows down quickly as it goes over the sides of the river channel onto the flood plain
•as a result it loses energy and heavier courser materials are deposited at the channel edge
•those gradually build up to natural ridges or levees and act as a natural barrier

Question 18

5 landuses around the river Tay

Answer 18

•forestry
•industry
•farming
•renewable energy
•tourism

Question 19

Benefits of forestry at the river Tay

Answer 19

•fast growing coniferous trees
•thin soils trees stop erosion

Question 20

Benefits of renewable energy at the river Tay

Answer 20

•reliable rainfall
•steep slopes provide fast flowing water
•deep valleys for easy dams

Question 21

Benefits of tourism at the river Tay

Answer 21

•good water sports
•hill walking
•good salmon river

Question 22

Benefits of industry at the river Tay

Answer 22

•flat land is easy to build on

Question 23

Benefits of farming at the river Tay

Answer 23

•hill sheep farming on middle
•wheat and barley lower course
•famous for soft fruits
•south facing slopes warmer sun