Limestone

Question 1

Chemical weathering process 2 step

Answer 1

•raindrops absorb CO2 making weak acid
•rain dissolves calcium carbonate along lines of weakness carrying away in solution (carbonation)

Question 2

Formation of intermittent drainage 3 steps eg…

Answer 2

•streams on limestone disappear down shallow holes
•flow down lines of weakness
•when they hit impermeable rock the flow over top until they reach surface of limestone
Eg. Fell beck

Question 3

Formation of cave/cavern 3step
Eg…

Answer 3

•water flows along bedding plane eroding limestone by chemical weathering
•weaker rock will erode quicker opening a cave
•this is helped by pebbles and gravel in stream
Eg. Ingleborough cave

Question 4

Formation of stalactites and stalagmites 2 step eg…

Answer 4

•when water carrying dissolved limestone reaches cave and comes into contact with air chemical reaction takes place
•causes limestone to redeposit as calcite
Eg. Ingleborough cave

Question 5

Formation of limestone pavement 4 steps eg…

Answer 5

•soil removed my glaciers exposing bare rock
•joints created by plate movement
•weakly acid rain dissolves lines of weakness it creates gaps called grykes
•solid more resistant rocks are called Clint’s
Eg. Malham cove

Question 6

Formation of swallow hole 4 steps eg…

Answer 6

•water passes over impermeable rock reaching limestone going down joint
•erodes by chemical weathering
•over time joint is widened becoming a swallow hole
• river will flow into swallow hole creating waterfall
Eg. Gaping gyll