River Nile

Question 1

Where is it?

Answer 1

NE Africa

Question 2

What is the main water issue?

Answer 2

Sub-Saharan Africa is in short supply and CC is threatening agriculture and economy

Question 3

What happened in the 1980s?

Answer 3

Had major irrigation, cash crops and export boost so escaped debt
BUT
required huge water demands

Question 4

What happened in 1980-1990s?

Answer 4

Debt and despair and pop. increase left marginal land and eroded soil creating future challenges

Question 5

What is their aim?

Answer 5

To increase the number with safe water and sanitation
To raise more out of poverty
Manage and maintain water resources

Question 6

What were the aims of the Toshka project?

Answer 6

• provide food, electricity and jobs for 16 mil. Egyptians
• relocate people to farms
• increase irrigated area by 30%
• pumps/canals water transfer from lake Nasser into Western desert
• grow high value crops (olives, seeds..)
• maintain low use of pesticides and fertilisers
• Self sufficient smallholdings for families with sustainable communities
• Promote tourism
• improve roads, railways & telecommunications

Question 7

What did the Toshka project involve?

Answer 7

• $70 bn.
• spports 16 mil. people
• irrigate away from Nile Valley as densely pop.
• International funding from Saudi Arabia and UAE
• production, processing, storage overseen by TNC (Cadiz from California)

Question 8

What were the doubts of the Toshka project?

Answer 8

• not LT as Lake Nasser silting
• open transfer canals fill with desert sand
• salinization
• water pumps use lots of electricity
• water logging in Toshka basin
• need for fertiliser
• water borne disease risk in canals
• will fail if upstream countries Ethiopia & Sudan take more water from Nile
• insecure finance and risk of debt

Question 9

Who shares the Nile?

Answer 9

10 countries
40% of Africa’s pop.
Burundi, Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rawndi, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

Question 10

Who benefits the most?

Answer 10

Egypt

Question 11

Who wants the most?

Answer 11

Ethiopia growing economy so using more and want Egypt’s supply

Question 12

Why do Sudan want more?

Answer 12

To exploit for economy and irrgiation

Question 13

What small scale projects are there?

Answer 13

teaching in Uganda
Mobile toilets
Water Aid

Question 14

What is virtual water?

Answer 14

Water used in the production of a good or service that we consume
(e.g. Africa export lots of crops to European markets so trade in lots of virtual water meaning they have a lack for subsistence to provide for their own local pop.)

Question 15

What does the teaching in Uganda involve?

Answer 15

Use picture cards
Explain how to maintain water sources and how no animals can use water
Teach good hygiene
Build latrines with local materials so no faeces contaminated water

Question 16

What do the mobile toilets involve?

Answer 16

Addis Ababa public toilets
70-80 people use everyday
homeless have a better QoL

Question 17

What did Water Aid do?

Answer 17

International charity provide access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene
Improve livelihoods in Ethiopia by improving health as no. dying from diarrhoeal disease reduced
Plan, build and manage community projects