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child psych: exam 4 > Risky Behavior > Flashcards

Risky Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

What brain regions are in the Limbic System?

A
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus`
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2
Q

What is the nucleus accumbens?

A
  • A major component of the Ventral Striatum
  • Located in the basal forebrain
  • Important in reward processing
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3
Q

Who sends input to the nucleus accumbens?

A

Prefrontal cortex & limbic system

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4
Q

What age group is most sensitive to rewards?

A

Adolescents are more sensitive

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5
Q

What is Gain-Framed?

A

Choose between keeping a smaller guaranteed prize, or a larger prize with 50-75% likelihood of winning

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6
Q

What is Loss-Framed?

A

Chose between losing a smaller guaranteed prize or a larger prize with a 25-30% likelihood of loosing

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7
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

It is compromised of medial brain structures responsible for behavioral & emotional responses associated with survival

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8
Q

What is the nucleus accumbens sensitive to?

A

Neurotransmitters & hormones

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9
Q

How does risky behavior change through lifespan?

A
  • Risky-taking behaviors increase into adolescence
  • decrease going into adulthood
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10
Q

What age-range is the least susceptible to framing effect?

A

younger children prefer the risky choice

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11
Q

What kind of framing do adolescents & adults prefer?

A
  • riskier option when the choices are presented with loss frames
  • Less risky options when choices are presented with gain frames
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12
Q

What is risky behavior?

A

Any behavior that has some chance of positive & negative consequences

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13
Q

What did we learn in the Slovic Study? The 1 abt switches

A
  • The best strategy was to pull 5 switches at least
  • Most participants flipped switches until disaster
  • There were differences in age & gender
    - Older boys tended to flip more switches
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14
Q

What can stress do to the brain?

A
  • Chronic stress can delay brain development of regions important for inhibitory control
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15
Q

What are some positive consequences?

A
  • Increase in social status
  • Resource acquisition
  • Positive affect
  • More mating opportunities
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16
Q

What are some negative consequences?

A
  • Decrease in social status
  • Negative affect
  • No mating opportunities
  • Injury, death, & illness
17
Q

What is the Dual Systems Model?

A
  • Risky behavior is due to an imbalance in activity & structural maturation between the social-emotional system & the executive control network
18
Q

What do peers have to do with risky behaviors?

A
  • emotional arousal is a predictor
  • peers are markers for “acceptable behaviors”
  • youth will engage in behaviors similar to what their peers engage in
19
Q

What is the likelihood of engaging in risky behavior influenced by?

A

Influenced by sensation seeking & impulsivity

20
Q

What is the takeaway of the Brahms Study?

A
  • Neural responses to rewards peak in adolescence
  • peak in BART explosions occur in adolescence
  • there are no sex differences
21
Q

What is the Chein’s Study about? the spot light driving game

A
  • adolescents & adults behaved the same when alone
  • adolescents took more risks with peers than when alone
    - they crashed more
22
Q

What kind of behavior can fear influence?

A
  • Risky behavior
    - fear of consequences
    - fear modulates exploratory & withdrawal behaviors
23
Q

What is the somatic marker hypothesis>

A

Emotional responses to positive & negative consequences guide decision making in risky & certain situations

24
Q

What brain regions are more activated in the different age groups?

A
  • adults more in PFC
  • Adolescents more in VS & OFC in the peer condition
25
Q

What is Behavioral Decision Theory?

A

Draws heavily on economics in which an individual makes decision based on the pros & cons

26
Q

What are the 5 steps in decision making?

A
  1. identifying alternative choices
  2. Identifying the consequences that might follow from each choice
  3. Evaluating the costs & benefits of each possible consequence
  4. Assessing likelihood
  5. Combining info to decision rule

child psych: exam 4 (5 decks)

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