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child psych: exam 4 > Puberty > Flashcards

Puberty Flashcards

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1
Q

What is puberty?

A

the time where an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction

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2
Q

Primary Sexual Characteristics

A

-present at birth
-determined by chromosomes

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3
Q

What are some female primary sexual characteristics?

A

-thicker vaginal walls
-vaginal secretions
-menarche

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4
Q

What are some male primary sexual characteristics?

A

-larger prostate
-larger seminal vesicles
- ejaculation

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5
Q

What are the 3 puberty trends?

A
  • age of menarche is decreasing for females
  • trends in male puberty are different to measure
  • timing of puberty has increased, tempo has decreased
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6
Q

Father absence & female sexual behavior

A
  • a potential critical period in 1st 5-7 years for father’s absence
  • stepfathers may increase pubertal development & sexual behaviors
  • Early pubertal maturation increases risk of sex & teenage pregnancy
  • NOT UNIVERSAL
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7
Q

What is puberty marked by?

A

-rapid changes in height & weight
-development of primary & secondary sex characteristics
- changes in brain structure & activity

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8
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

A

-The manifestations of sexual maturity at puberty

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9
Q

What are some examples of secondary sexual characteristics?

A
  • breasts
  • facial hair
  • voice changes
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10
Q

What does TIMING mean?

A

the AGE at which puberty begins

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11
Q

What time does puberty start for girls?

A

8-13 years old

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12
Q

What time does puberty start for boys?

A

9-14 years old

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13
Q

What does TEMPO mean?

A

the RATE at which maturation occurs

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14
Q

What are the tempo rates for girls and boys?

A

GIRLS= 1.5 - 6 yrs
BOYS= 2 - 5 yrs

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15
Q

When does Adrenarche occur?

A

when the adrenal glands begin to occur

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16
Q

What are some symptoms that might occur when adrenarche occurs?

A
  • start feeling more attracted towards others
  • body odor
17
Q

What system releases sex hormones?

A

HPG axis

18
Q

What does the HPG stand for?

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal

19
Q

What is the adrenal gland sensitive to?

A

Stress

20
Q

What can stress do to the adrenal glands?

A
  • it can increase the vulnerability to mental health disorders
  • chronic cortisol leads to brain cell death
21
Q

What can happen to early maturers?

A
  • Males have better emotional well-being but can engage in more risky behavior
  • females associate with older peers
    - can be the target of social aggression for other females
    - greater risk of emotional difficulties, anxiety & depression
22
Q

What can happen to late maturers?

A

MALES
- at greater risk for peer victimization
- more likely to develop depression in adulthood

FEMALES
- more likely to continue education

23
Q

What happens during Gonadrache?

A
  • the mature HPG axis begins to stimulate sex hormones to promote physical changes in puberty
24
Q

What chemical stimulates puberty?

A

Kisspeptin

25
Q

What protein is produced by fat cells?

A
  • Leptin
    - increase of fat= increase of kisspeptin
26
Q

What is Psychological acceleration?

A
  • Family & ecological stress can accelerate onset of pubertal development
27
Q

What are some examples of psychological acceleration?

A
  • Warm relationships with family can delay pubertal onset
  • Stressful relationships increase puberty
28
Q

What happens to the body due to ESTROGEN?

A
  • Menstruation
  • Breast & skeletal growth
  • weight gain
29
Q

What happens to the body with testosterone?

A
  • testicles
  • voice
  • facial hair
30
Q

What are the Tanner stages?

A
  • a widely used system that describes the 5 stages of pubertal development
31
Q

What occurs in tanner stages 1,3,5?

A
  1. no change
  2. continued growth
  3. maturity
32
Q

What does parental investment predict puberty?

A

May influence female pubertal onset because they are sensitive to:
- father’s role in the family
- mother’s sexual attitudes

33
Q

What happens to the sisters during SIBLING X DYSFUNCTION interaction?

A

Younger sisters in families with SERIOUS dysfunction had significantly earlier menarche than siblings in other types of families

34
Q

What happens to the sisters during SIBLING X DISRUPTION interaction?

A
  • younger siblings who experienced disruption had earlier menarche than older siblings

WHY?
- older siblings are going through puberty already before the dads left

35
Q

What happens during fast life history strategy?

A

promotes reproduction over growth

36
Q

What happens during slow life history strategy?

A

promotes growth over reproduction

child psych: exam 4 (5 decks)

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