Risk Management Flashcards
What are the key components of the workplace violence prevention program (5 total)?
- a workplace violence prevention policy;
- violence risk assessment;
- violence risk control;
- worker education and training; and
- response to incidents.
What are the organizational measures can be summarized as the ‘four-C’s’ that support the development of a positive safety culture?
- Control
- Communication
- Cooperation
- Competence
What are the five components to the ICS organization?
Command: Setting response objectives and coordinating
Operations: Provision of tactical response actions
Planning: Developing and assessing the technical basis of the action plans
Logistics: The provision of equipment and services supporting the plan actions, and
Finance: Responsible for the management of financial resources and response administration
What factors increase risk for workplace violence (9 total)
- Contact with the public.
- Exchange of money.
- Delivery of passengers, goods, or services.
- Having a mobile workplace (such as a vehicle).
- Working with unstable or volatile people.
- Working alone or in small numbers.
- Working late at night or during early morning hours.
- Guarding valuable property or possessions.
- Working in community-based settings (for example, Home Care).
ALARA
Decision making principle:
“As Low As Reasonable Achievable”
Pragmatic technology based approach to minimizing heath risks that seeks to reduce potentially harmful exposures to known hazards to the greatest possible extent, consistent with technical feasibility and “reasonable achievable” costs.
Precautionary principle
Decision making principle:
Approach that implies that decision-makers take timely preventative action when a serious hazard is believed to exist, and scientific information is incomplete or contradictory
Describe the 4 steps of business continuity planning
- Business impact analysis
- Recovery Strategies
- Plan Development
- Testing & Exercises
What percentage of injuries result in lost work time?
What percentage of accident victims are young Canadians aged 15 to 29?
Over half of the injuries result in lost work time—more than 16 million days of work lost each year—the equivalent of the average annual work of 67,000 people.
Particularly at risk are young, inexperienced workers. About 30% of all accident victims compensated for time lost are young Canadians aged 15 to 29.
What is the optimum number of supervisory responsibilities managed by 1 individual under the ICS?
Under ICS, the number of supervisory responsibilities managed by one individual should be between three and seven team members, with five being the optimum number
Cumulative Burden
The annual ‘cumulative burden’ of workplace injuries and illnesses can be expressed as the number of days lost due to accidents and sick days due to work-related illnesses (i.e. severity without the rate plus the number of sick days due to work-related illnesses)
De Minimis Risk
Insignificant Risk Level
Numerical Definition: 1 in million to 1 in 10,000 for a working lifetime.
What is the fundamental purpose of the Incident Command System (ICS)?
A fundamental principle of ICS states that every individual participating in an operation reports to only one individual. This is designed to minimize conflicting supervisory directions, and to improve the unity of command. The command structure is designed to be “scalable”.
What workplaces need to have shelter-in-place management plans in place according to the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Evacuation Planning Matrix?
The OSHA recommendation is for Yellow (significant in 1/3 below factors) and particularly the Red Zone (significant in 2/3 below factors) workplaces and facilities to have evacuation and/or shelter-in-place management plans in place.
1) “vulnerability”, an estimate of value of the site as a target for a terror event. For example, sites that contain hazardous materials, provide essential services to the public, high-rise buildings that have limited means of egress, and transportation carriers such as ships and airplanes.
2) “threat”, an estimate of the presence of an adversarial person or group with the intent to harm
3) “significant impact” and estimate of the “perceived success” of an attack, in terms of casualties, media attention, civil disruption, and terror.
Describe the PDCA model and who is associated with it
Plan — includes Policy, Planning, and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Do — includes Implementation and Operation
Check — includes Performance Assessment (active monitoring and reactive incident reporting) Act — includes Review and Continual Improvement
This type of PDCA model was first developed many decades ago, largely by the pioneering efforts of Deming and his collaborators in the field of ‘quality management’ and ‘continual improvement’ for industrial production processes. The Deming approach to quality management was adopted early by Japanese companies, and much later by North American and European companies. By 1986, the first ISO-9000 standard was issued, which codified best-practice in quality management.
Risk = _______ x _________
Risk = Severity x Frequency
What are the 4 key features of an effective OSHMS?
- Continual Improvement
- System activities - Key OHSMS activities need to be expressed in the form of performance benchmarks that can be evaluated by an audit process according to predefined ‘goal-setting’ criteria
- Stakeholder Involvement (Internal and External)
- Auditing/Verification - Not all OHSMS are auditable or certifiable. For example, OHSAS 18000 is certifiable while ILO-OSH is not.
Sound science principle
Decision making principle:
Approach that emphasizes the need for more complete scientific information before a risk decision is made
Risk communication
Means of enabling the active informed participation of all concerned parties, including stakeholder consultation within the decision-making process
CSA-Q850 - What is it called and what are the 6 steps?
Risk Management: a guideline for decision-makers
Step 1: Initiation
Step 2: Preliminary Analysis / Risk Identification
Step 3: Risk Estimation
Step 4: Risk Evaluation
Step 5: Risk Control
Step 6: Implementation and Action/Monitoring
Most workplace accident and illness insurance programs (e.g. Workers’ Compensation) cover only a limited range of costs related to workplace accidents and illnesses, which would include:
- direct costs associated with injuries and ill health of their employees (through workers’ compensation insurance coverage)
- insurance for vehicles
- third-party insurance (in some cases)
- insurance of building structures in most cases
Workplace compensation and insurance programs typically do not cover indirect costs, including many of the following:
- sick-pay (for illnesses not directly attributable to workplace hazards),
- damage or loss of product and raw materials,
- repairs to plant and equipment,
- overtime working and temporary labour,
- production delays,
- investigation time, and
- fines
Discrete Hazard
Hazards that are either present or based from the worker. Any exposure to such hazard presents potentially serious consequences - no tolerable threshold of exposure.
Examples: Electrical faults, unsafe mechanical devices, fire hazards
Weight-of-evidence principle
Decision making principle:
Approach that seeks to ensure that the process of considering the evidence about the existence and magnitude of a risk is scientifically defensible, such that the available evidence is if sufficient strength, coherence, and consistency to support the conclusion that a serious hazard may exist
- Which OHSMS do labour organizations generally support?
2. Which OHSMS do governments and industries Prefer?
- ILO-OHS 2001 - More favourably disposed to the protection of workers by explicit requirements
- OHSAS 18001 - Allows managers somewhat more latitude in developing their OHS system in concert with their production activities and with their ISO 9000/14000 audit and certification programs
In Canada, the Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB) has elected to base its certification program on BSI-OHSAS 18001, an Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Systems specification produced jointly by the national standards authorities of thirteen countries. Derived largely on the BS 8800 guideline, this standard does not have ILO or ISO approval but serves as the OHSMS model for many countries that prefer to adopt the ISO-style management systems approach. This is not an ISO standard but seems like it.
Continuous Hazard
Hazard that occurs all the time at varying levels of exposure. Risks are usually defined by the level of exposure to each individual worker over time.
Examples: Hazardous dust, toxic chemicals, noise levels, radiation
Incidence Rate
Annual incidence rate of workplace injuries expressed as the frequency of reported injuries (or illnesses) within a specified number of workers. Same as frequency.
Define workplace violence
Workplace violence is defined as any act in which a person is abused, threatened, intimidated, or assaulted in his or her employment.
Workplace violence includes:
- Threatening behaviour - such as shaking fists, destroying property, or throwing objects.
- Verbal or written threats - any expression of intent to inflict harm.
- Harassment - any behaviour that demeans, embarrasses, humiliates, annoys, alarms, or verbally
abuses a person and that is known or would be expected to be unwelcome. This includes words,
gestures, intimidation, bullying, or other inappropriate activities.
- Verbal abuse - swearing, insults, or condescending language.
- Physical attacks - hitting, shoving, pushing, or kicking
Reasonable Relationship Principle
Decision-making principle:
Approach based on relationship between the cost of the control and the corresponding action to reduce the risk. May involve inclusion of value assumptions (i.e. subjective interpretations and judgments of evidence that are based on personal or subjective values)
