Applied Safety Fundalmentals Flashcards
Under the Canada Labour Code Part II - at what oxygen percentage can a qualified person enter a confined space?
18-23% O2 by volume, at a normal atmospheric pressure
Which conflict management approach is considered “Win-win”?
Collaboration
ISMEC
- Identification of work required to achieve
- Standards established for the work activity
- Measurement of performance by compliance with the standards
- Evaluating the work performance
- Correcting deficiencies (and commending success)
Threshold current level that causes risks of death from ventricular fibrillation
70-200 milliamperes (if pathway goes through heart)
What is Swarf?
Fine chips of metal or other material produced by a machining operation. Poses a cutting hazard as it can be very sharp. Common with spinning lathe operation.
Number of employees at workplace where Canada Labour code requires “policy committee”
300+
Primary pulmonary gases
Gases that impair or injure lungs and pulmonary system if workers who inhale substance in hazardous amounts.
Examples: ozone, oxides of nitrogen, phosgene (generated when metals cleaned with chlorinated hydrocarbons are heated to temperatures used in welding), phosphine (generated from rustproofing when steel coated with phosphate)
Production of UV radiation is particularly high in gas-shielded (argon) arc welding. It can be _______ times as great as with non-shielded welding.
5-30 times as great
How many classes of substances are there under WHMIS?
6
Shear Point
A hazardous area created by the cutting movement of a mechanical part past a stationary point on a machine
To avoid connecting oxygen regulators to fuel gas cylinders, oxygen regulators…
Have right handed threads and acetylene cylinders have left handed threads
In general ________ % of mobile crane injuries are attributed to operator error.
90%
- In Canada, 1 of every 5 construction fatalities is crane related
Name the mechanical action or motion groups that can be hazardous to workers
- Rotating, reciprocating, and transverse motions
- In-running nip points
- Cutting actions
- Punching, shearing, and bending actions
Main effect of electricity on body at 1 A and above
Major Burns
Types of Conveyors
Conveyor Types:
- Belt
- Slat and Apron
- Chain
- Screw
- Bucket
- Pneumatic
- Aerial
- Portable
- Gravity
Not Conveyors:
- Elevators
- Manlifts
- Escalators
- Power Shovels
- Industrial Trucks
Main effect of electricity on body at 10-15 mA
Cannot release hand grip on conductor due to muscular contractions
Inhalation of which metal fumes can cause “Metal Fume Fever”
Copper and Oxide Fumes from Magnesium
Main effect of electricity on body at 1-2 mA
Threshold of sensation
8 steps of a lockout sequence
- Notify all workers when servicing or maintenance is required and that the equipment must be shut down and locked out
- A qualified and authorized worker will refer to procedure, identify the type of energy source, understand the hazards and shall know the methods to control the energy
- Machine shut down by normal method (i.e. stop button)
- Deactivate the energy-isolating devices
- Lock-out the energy isolating devices with assigned locks
- Stores or residual energy is dissipated or restrained
- Check no personnel are exposed
- Verify isolation by operating the on button
What colour is insulation for a “grounding electrode conductor”
White or neutral grey
What is a polarity plug?
Additional safety feature for double insulated or ungrounded tools. Parallel blades on the plug have different widths
What kinds of ropes give the best uniform strength and service?
Manila and Nylon
Nylon has 2.5 times the breaking strength of Manila rope.
Natural Ropes - Manila (abaca) or Sisal (sisalena or henequen)
Synthetic Ropes - Nylon, polyester, polyolefin
5 Health effects that may affect workers who are welding being exposed to gases, vapours, fumes and particulates generated during welding
- Inflammation of the lungs (chemical pneumonitis)
- Pulmonary oedema (swelling and accumulation of fluid in the lungs)
- Emphysema (loss of elasticity of the lungs: only a small percentage of emphysema cases are caused by Occupational exposure
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Asphyxiation
Anthracosis
Refers to blackish pigmentation of the lungs caused by deposition of carbon particles - Benign pneumoconiosis.
In most cases pure carbon does not produce significant lung tissue reaction, could be due to impurities in coal such as silica.
5 major groups of metalworking
- Milling
- Boring
- Planing
- Grinding
- Turning
4 Metalworking machinery classifications according to the use of energy
- Electrochemical
- Electro discharge
- Laser
- Machining tools
What are Pulmonary Irritants from welding and cutting?
Beryllium, Cadmium, chromium, copper, fluoride, Lead, Magnesium, Manganese, Mercury, Titanium, Zinc, Nickel, Molybdenum, Vanadium
- Don’t produce radiographic changes in the lungs and don’t cause pneumoconiosis. Instead they are toxic inhalants.
What is a potentially lethal voltage?
50 V and above
Main effect of electricity on body at 70-200 mA
Risk of death due to ventricular fibrillation
Deductive hazard analysis
Begins with consideration of the future of the whole system and works backwards. Uses combined events analysis often in the form of “trees”
CSA Z432-04
Primary Canadian Standard for Machine Guarding
Pinch Point
Any place where a body part can be caught between two or more moving mechanical parts
Nip Point
A hazardous area created by two or more mechanical parts rotating in opposite directions
3 basic parts of a Robot
- Manipulator
- A power supply
- A system for controlling the robot
Siderosis is related to which material?
Iron oxide
4 main methods of machine guarding
- Fixed
- Interlocked
- Adjustable
- Self-adjusting
Non-pulmonary gases
CO and CO2 - Welding
- can produce CO2 that is reduced to CO
these gases do not directly injure the lungs or pulmonary systems, but can threaten workers lives by displacing or replacing oxygen in the human bloodstream
Stannosis is related to which material?
Tin Oxide
- this condition is a type of benign pneumoconiosis
3 main motions that create hazardous exposures
- Transverse
- Reciprocating
- Rotating
Main effect of electricity on body at 400 mA - 1 A
Increasing risk of burns at exit and entry points
Inductive hazard analysis
Reveals what can happen, rather than how it can happen. How will parts of the system contribute to overall success or failure?
Aluminosis
Particulate matter from welding inhaled such as aluminum, aluminum oxide, and aluminum hydrate can cause aluminosis. Can produce effect on the lungs. Type of benign pneumoconiosis.
ISO 14000
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1400 family of standards addresses the various aspects of environmental management.
ISO 14001 - focus on framework for organizations to establish or enhance effective environmental management systems
ISO 14004 - focuses on general guidelines regarding principles, systems, and support techniques for environmental management systems
FMEA
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) - Focuses on failure of each component and the mode of failure. FMEA is an inductive method used to predict modes of failure
A rule of thumb for all scaffolds is to require tying off where a platform exceeds ___ the least lateral dimension of an end frame. Regulations in some Canadian jurisdictions prescribe the maximum height to be __’.
3X
Example; scaffold as erected with two end frames and diagonal bracing measures 8’L X6’H X5’W and is three frames high. The upper platform is located at 15’. If an additional platform is added the scaffold should be tied off as prescribed thereafter. Scaffolds constructed over a prescribed height must be designed or approved by a Professional Engineer. Regulations in some Canadian jurisdictions prescribe the maximum height to be 50’.
Scaffolding types include:
commonly used scaffolds, construction grade wood fabricated, aluminum tube and coupler, and welded frame scaffold [steel].
Handling of material accounts for ___ to ___% of all occupational injuries
20 to 45%
Which industry has the greatest risk of injuries from material handling?
Warehouse and retail service
Non-destructive tests on Cranes may include:
- Magnetic particle or penetrant Inspections
- Ultrasonic methods
- Triboelectric method
- Electromagnetic tests
- Radiography.
3 safety rules when using a conveyor
- Loading points must be clearly marked with safeguards along the entire length
- Maintenance workers must lock out all power before working on a conveyor
- Operators must stand clear of moving conveyors; avoid pinch points areas where hands or fingers can get caught.
___ – ___% of crane accidents may involve improper rigging.
15 – 35% of crane accidents may involve improper rigging.
Supervisors and riggers must know the load capacity of the rope/chain or sling they are using to lift a load. Riggers must be trained by a competent person to:
• Know the weight of the load
• Judge distances of the lift
• Correctly select tackle and lifting gear
• Direct the crane operator.
Natural fibre rope loaded to more than __% of breaking strength will be permanently damaged; synthetic at __%
Natural fibre rope loaded to more than 50% of breaking strength will be permanently damaged; synthetic at 65%
What is the CSA Z1006 Standard for?
Working in Confined Spaces
Confined space legislation differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction in Canada, but generally requires the following:
- A written co-ordination document
- A written program
- A written hazard assessment
- A written plan
- An Entry permit
- On-site rescue
- Communication between attendant and workers in confined space
- Retention of records
- Fall Arrest systems (in below ground situations)
