Risk factors. Primary and secondary preventions Flashcards
1
Q
Primary prevention
A
- goal: prevent coronary and cerebrovascular disease in people at risk
- main tool: lifestyle changes
2
Q
Secondary prevention
A
- goal: prevent further events, attempt to slow the progression and improve the general quality of life. Decrease the need for interventional procedures
- tools: lifestyle + drugs
3
Q
Primary risk factors:
A
- modifiable RF: Smoking, HTN, Hyper/Dyslipidemia, DM, Obesity
- Non-modifiable RF: Age, Gender, Genetics
- Other RF: Alcohol, Exercise, diet, uric acid and homocysteine levels
4
Q
What is the SCORE system
A
Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation system: SCORE system
- is a High & Low cardiovascular Risk Charts based on gender, age, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and smoking status, with relative risk chart, qualifiers and instructions
5
Q
Cardiovascular effects of DM
A
- increases plasma coagulation
- altered response to injured artery
- decreased fibrinolysis
- decreased endothelial thrombotic resistance
- platelet hypercoagulopathy
- goal in DM patients is to keep the HbA1c < 7%
6
Q
Effects of smoking on cardiovascular system
A
- increases BP and HR
- platelet activation and thromboembolism
- endothelial dysfunction
- coronary spasms
- increases LDL, decreases HDL
7
Q
BP control
A
- goal in DM patients: 140/90 mmHg
- goal in chronic kidney disease: 130/80 mmHg
- drugs: ACEi, ARB, Ca blocker, Diuretics, BB
8
Q
Lipid management
A
- LDL < 1.8M, use statins
9
Q
Benefits of physical activity
A
- decrease cardiovascular disease
- decreased risk of DM
- decrease HTN
- decrease colon cancer
- weight control
- strenght
- decrease anxiety
10
Q
Weight management
A
- keep BMI: 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2
- Wast: M<102cm, W<88cm
11
Q
State the anti platelet drugs
A
- clopidogrel, ticagrelor -> inhibits ADP binding platelet
- Dipyridamole -> inhibits PDE
- Aspirin (COX inhibitor) -> inhibits thromboxane synthesis
12
Q
Hospital discharge medication for Acute coronary Syndrome
A
- aspirin, clopidogrel: antiplaletes
- beta blockers: anti-arrhythmics
- statins: for the lipid management
- ACEi
13
Q
A-fib drugs
A
- Warfarin to INR 2-3
