Risk Factors In The Development Of Addiction

Question 1

What are the two AO3 PEELS to evaluate genetic vulnerability as a risk factor of addiction?

Answer 1

RTS by Kendler - adopted
Weakness - Cause and effect cannot be established

Question 2

P
(RTS by Kendler)

Answer 2

RTS - kendler using data from an adoption study

Question 3

E

Answer 3

he looked at adults who had been adopted as children by biological families who had atleast one person with an addiction

Question 4

E

Answer 4

these children later had a significantly greater risk of developing an addiction themself, compared to adopted indv with no addicted parent in their biological fam

Question 5

L

Answer 5

therefore this gives val to GV as a risk factor in addiction

Question 6

P
(cannot est cause and effect)

Answer 6

Moreover, research into GV is often based on correlational research where cause and effect cannot be est

Question 7

E

Answer 7

this is bc research has shown a link bw risk factors such as genetics and addiction but doesnt show which came first

Question 8

E

Answer 8

e.g. it could be that addiction causes abn in D2 receptors

Question 9

L

Answer 9

therefore the research lacks int val as it doesnt allow us to conclude that genetic factors do make indv more at risk for addiction

Question 10

What are the two AO3 PEELS to evaluate stress as a risk factor of addiction?

Answer 10

Strength - prac apps - interventions
Weakness - cause and effect cannot be est

Question 11

P
(prac apps)

Answer 11

Stress as a risk factor in the development of addiction has led to prac apps

Question 12

E

Answer 12

• this is bc of the principle that when an indv has stress, they are more likely to turn to addictive substances or bhvs as a form of self medication

Question 13

E

Answer 13

• • can be used for prevention strategies for addictive bhvs
• e.g. interventions to help ppl manage and cope with stress

Question 14

L

Answer 14

therefore, awareness of risk factors stress in the development of addiction i.a.i.p.o.a.p

Question 15

P
(cannot est cause and effect)

Answer 15

Moreover, the research into stress as a risk factor of addiction often uses correlational research where cause and effect cannot be established

Question 16

E

Answer 16

e.g. it could be that addiction causes an indv to become stressed thru loss of money

Question 17

E

Answer 17

rather than the ability to cope with stress causing addiction

Question 18

L

Answer 18

therefore, the research lacks int val as it doesnt allow us to conclude that stress does make indv more at risk of addiction

Question 19

What are the two AO3 PEELS to evaluate personality as a risk factor of addiction?

Answer 19

RTS by Schneider - novelty seeking
Discussion - correlational research - cause and effect cannot be est

Question 20

P
(RTS by Schneider)

Answer 20

Strength - personality as a risk factor of add - RTS by Schneider

Question 21

E

Answer 21

he found novelty seeking was the most ass trait with inc consumption of alcohol, cannabis and cocaine

Question 22

E

Answer 22

further research has shown a pos correlation bw novelty seeking and relapse rates for several drugs by addicts

Question 23

L

Answer 23

therefore giving val to the theory that high novelty seeking personalities do inc vulnerability to add, esp to substances

Question 24

P
(Discussion - based on correlational research)

Answer 24

However, research is based on correlational research where cause and effect cannot be est

Question 25

E

Answer 25

e.g. it could be that once someone develops an add, this causes them to take more risks, be more reward dependent or engage in novelty seeking

Question 26

E

Answer 26

due to the research being done retrospectively, it doesnt show whether personality trait came first or add

Question 27

L

Answer 27

therefore the research lacks int val as it doesnt allow us to conclude that personality does inc risk of add

Question 28

What are the two AO3 PEELS to evaluate family influences as a risk factor of addiction?

Answer 28

RTS by Madras - cannabis
Strength - prac apps - parental monitoring

Question 29

P
(RTS by Madras)

Answer 29

RTS by Madras, she studied families with adolescents and parents who used cannabis

Question 30

E

Answer 30

she found a strong pos correlation bw parents use of cannabis and adolescents use of cannabis, nicotine and alcohol

Question 31

E

Answer 31

• this may show that the adolescents perceived that parents were accepting of drug use so went on to use drugs themselves
• it may also be bc the adolescents obsv their parents bhv using cannabis and modelled this bhv

Question 32

L

Answer 32

therefore this supports fam inf as an rf for ass

Question 33

P
(strength - prac apps)

Answer 33

Fam inf as a risk factor in the development of add has led to prac apps

Question 34

E

Answer 34

this is bc of the principle that adolescents who believe that their parents have little interest in monitoring their bhv are sig more likely at risk of add can be used for prevention strategies for addictive bhvs

Question 35

E

Answer 35

e.g. greater levels of parental monitoring to reduce likelihood of add

Question 36

L

Answer 36

therefore awareness of the rf in the development of add i.a.i.p.o.a.p

Question 37

What are the two AO3 PEELS to evaluate peers as a risk factor of addiction?

Answer 37

Strength - prac apps
Weakness - cause and effect cannot be established

Question 38

P
(prac apps)

Answer 38

Peers as a risk factor in the development of addiction has led to prac apps

Question 39

E

Answer 39

this is bc the principle that peers can act as a gateway to develop an addiction to alcohol for an at risk indv due to the amount of time spent with them

Question 40

E

Answer 40

• makes indv more at risk of addiction can be used for prevention strategies
• e.g. social norms marketing advertising uses mass media to advertise how much young ppl rly drink so its not seen as the norm

Question 41

L

Answer 41

therefore, awareness of the risk factor peers in the development of addiction i.a.i.p.o.a.p

Question 42

P
(cause and effect cannot be est)

Answer 42

weakness - peers as a risk factor in addiction is based on correlational research where cause and effect cannot be est

Question 43

E

Answer 43

this is bc research has shown a link bw risk factors such as peers with addiction but it doesnt show which came first

Question 44

E

Answer 44

e.g. it could be that addiction causes an indv to seek out peers who also share the same addictive bhvs or interests such as drug/alocohol misuse rather than their peers and norms making them engage in addictive bhv

Question 45

L

Answer 45

therefore the research lacks int val as it doesnt allow us to conclude that peers do make someone more at risk of addiction