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Spring 2020 Perio > Risk Factors For Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Risk Factors For Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics that increase the probability that disease will occur

A

Risk Factors

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2
Q

Categories of Risk Factors

A

Unchanging risk factors/risk indicators: Race, gender

Changing risk factors: Poor oral hygiene, tobacco use

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3
Q

Contribute to periodontal problems. Risk factors do not change, even if
periodontal health is restored ž Example: conditions in which there is a
reduction of PMN numbers or function

A

Unchanging Risk Factors

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4
Q

Unchanging Risk Factors

A
  • Sex
  • Genetic Factors
  • Congenital immunodeficiencies
  • Past history of periodontal disease
  • Past Hx of periodontal disease
  • Congenital systemic diseases
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5
Q

Changing Risk Factors

A
  • Poor OH
  • Alcohol use
  • Tobacco use
  • Stress
  • Nutritional Status
  • Side effects of meds
  • Dental restorations
  • Some local contributory factors (ex. calculus)
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6
Q

Tobacco Use

A
  • Users exhibit greater bone loss, increased
    pocket depths, and calculus ž
    -Nicotine and toxic substances reduce
    neutrophil (PMN) effectiveness
  • Alters vasculature of periodontium
    (reduces immunoglobulin levels and
    antibody responses) ž
  • May exhibit less inflammation (Why?)
    Vasoconstriction
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7
Q

Nutritional Status: Deficiencies of nutrients are associated with

A 
wound healing may contribute to disease progression
Nutrients are important for wound healing such as
- Protein
- Vitamin C
- Folic Acid
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin K 
- Iron
- Zinc
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8
Q

Repairs tissue and increases resistance to infection

A

Protein

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9
Q

Promotes collagen formation, tissue synthesis, and wound

healing

A

Vitamin C

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10
Q

Enhances red blood cell maturation, tissue synthesis, and cell proliferation

A

Vitamin B12

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11
Q

Increases resistance to infection and promotes tissue

synthesis; deficiency affects integrity of epithelium

A

Vitamin A

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12
Q

Affects prothrombin formation

A

Vitamin K

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13
Q

Promotes red blood cell formation

A

Iron

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14
Q

Enhances connective tissue formation, wound healing, and protein synthesis

A

Zinc

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15
Q

Side Effects of Medications

A 
severity of periodontal reaction to medication varies among patients
examples:
- gingival enlargement (hyperplasia)
- Xerostomia
- Altered host resistance
- Abnormal bleeding
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16
Q

4 LOCAL CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS

A
  1. Calculus
  2. Anatomic Factors
  3. Iatrogenic Factors- something done in dentistry
  4. Traumatic Factors
17
Q

Calculus is considered the most important __ ____ factor!
___ the cause of disease.
Always covered by plaque and retains toxic bacterial products -> contributes

A

local contributing

not

18
Q
  • Calculus is mineralized plaque. Precipitated salts that originate in saliva and GCF.
    ***- Inorganic content of calc. is mainly ____ ____, with lesser amts. of calcium carbonate and other organics
  • Minerals deposited within 24-72 hours of
    plaque formation
  • Deposits are classified by location
A

calcium phosphate

19
Q

Why is calculus tenacious at times

A

because it forms in layers

20
Q

Supra gingival calculus

A
  • Attaches coronally to gingival margin ž
  • Chalky, creamy white or yellow
    appearance ž
  • Mineralized by saliva ž
  • Relatively easy to remove (about 30%
    mineralized) ž
  • Common on max. molar buccal surfaces
    and mand. Anterior linguals (why?) salviary glands
21
Q

Sub gingival calculus

A
  • Attaches apically to gingival margin ž
  • Gray, brown, or black in color ž
  • More difficult to remove than supra G
    (about 60% mineralized) ž
  • Mineralized by sulcular fluid
22
Q

Inflammatory periodontal diseases are

infections caused by ____

A

bacteria

23
Q

Dental calculus is not a cause for
periodontal diseases, but an important
____ contributing factor

A

LOCAL

24
Q

As a Clinician

A

Tx Plan
OHI-> Individualized for patient
Recall intervals

25
Q

As a Clinician what is important for us to evaluate?

A
  • Medical Hx
  • Social Hx
  • Habits
  • OH self care
  • Intraoral exam-> restorations , malpositioning
  • periodontal exam-> any inconsistences
26
Q

Traumatic Factors

A 
- Trauma can result in loss of attachment
apparatus, changes in local anatomy,
and increased plaque accumulation ž 
- Toothbrush trauma ž
 -Factitious disease (scratching) ž 
- Food impaction ž 
- Chemical injury (aspirin or cocaine burn) ž 
- Occlusion ž 
- Oral piercings
27
Q

Examples of tooth position that encourages plaque retentions!

A

Crowding
Tilting
Rotation
Open contacts->food impaction

28
Q

Procedures, techniques, and materials
used in dentistry that directly or indirectly
contribute to initiation or progression of
periodontitis

A

Iatrogenic Factors

29
Q

Iatrogenic Factors

A

ž Rough surfaced or over-contoured
amalgams, composites, crowns, bridges,
inlays, and onlays ž Overhanging margins ž Sub-gingival margins that invade the
biologic width ž Injuries to gingiva during procedure à
wedges, retraction cord ž Fixed crowns and bridges à pt must be
able to clean all surfaces
ž Extractions can affect adjacent teeth (if
their attachment app. is damaged or if
calculus remains) ž Patients stop chewing on ext. side and
stop brushing for a while ž Orthodontics: plaque retention!!!!

30
Q

Traumatic Factors

A

-Trauma can result in loss of attachment
apparatus, changes in local anatomy,
and increased plaque accumulation ž

  • Toothbrush trauma ž
  • Factitious disease (scratching) - Food impaction ž
  • Chemical injury (aspirin or cocaine burn) ž
  • Occlusion ž
  • Oral piercings
31
Q

As a clinician what is imprortant for us to evaluate

A
  • Medical Hx ž
  • Social Hx ž
  • Habits ž
  • OH self care ž
  • Intraoral exam à restorations,
    malpositioning ž
  • Periodontal exam à any
    inconsistencies?
    -Tx Plan
  • OHI- indiviualized for patient
  • recall intervals
32
Q

Key Points
- Inflammatory periodontal diseases are infections caused by bacteria ž

  • Certain secondary local and systemic risk factors can influence the initiation
    and progression of the disease ž
  • Dental calculus is not a cause for periodontal diseases, but an important ___ contributing factor
A

LOCAL

Spring 2020 Perio (12 decks)

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