Microbiology of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
List and define three types of factors that
contribute to periodontal disease.
Local Factors
Systemic Factors
Host Factors
environmental forces that
predispose to inflammatory periodontal
diseases
Local Factors
medical conditions
that predispose to inflammatory
periodontal diseases
Systemic Factors
the influences of one’s
own body
Host Factors
Def: dense, non-mineralized, complex
mass of bacterial colonies living in a gel-
like intermicrobial matrix In addition to bacteria, other
microorganisms live in this mass (ex.
Yeasts, viruses)
Dental Plaque / Bacteria product
Dental Biofilm microcolony surrounded by ____ matrix.
Different sections of the biofilm will be very different- pH, oxygen tension, and nutrients
intermicrobial
Dental Biofilms:
Bacteria in biofilm are NOT distributed evenly
- They cluster together to form a ____ shaped microcolony
- Each microcolony is an independent community containing thousands of compatible bacteria
- Protective extracellular slime-layer- protection from:
1.
2.
3.
mushroom
- Antibiotics
- Antimicrobials
- Body’s immune system
Over 700 types of bacteria in the mouth. Only about __ or so are pathogenic for perio
20
- dense cell wall, stain
purple on crystal violet dye - permeable cell wall, do
not stain
- Gram +
- Gram -
- Oxygen Using
- Cannot tolerate oxygen
- can adjust more flexible
- Aerobic
- Anaerobic
- facultative aerobic, facultative anaerobic:
- stuck where they are
- get around
- non-motile
- motile
- Utilize carbs as food
- utilize proteins as food obtained in part from the tissue destruction they cause
- Saccharolytic
- Asaccarolytic
Gram +
Aerobic
Non-motile
Saccharolytic
HEALTH :)
Gram Negative
Anaerobic
Motile
Assacharolytic
Disease :(
4 phases of plaque formation
- Attachment of bacteria to solid surface
- Initial colonization
- Secondary colonization
- Formation of mature biofilm
4 phases of plaque formation for supraG:
- Phase 1&2 Attachment and intiital colonization (1-2days of accumulation)
- Secondary colonization (2-4days)
- Maturation (4-7days) REDNESS SWELLING BOP
- MATURATION CONTINUES 7-14 DAYS . MODERATE TO SEVERE INFLAMMATION, BLUISH HUE, CHANGES IN CONSISTENCY
subG Biofilms
Days 14- 21 days:
- vibrios and spirochetes remain prevalent in the depths of the mass
- Inflammation of the gingiva caused by
supraG plaque changes the relationship
between the gingival margin and the tooth Gingival enlargement facilitates
movement into sulcus
-Microbiota of subG: more gram -, more
anaerobic, more motile, more
assacharolytic
3 types of subG plaque
- Tooth attached plaque
- Epithelial attached plaque
- unattached plaque
› Inner layers dominated by gram-positive bacteria › Gram-negative cocci and rods are also present
Is it …
a. Tooth attached plaque
b. Epithelial attached plaque
c. unattached plaque
a.
› Bacteria are attached to epithelium › Also known as loosely adherent plaque › Layers closest to soft tissue contain large numbers of motile gram-
negative bacteria and spirochetes › Bacteria invade gingival connective tissue and are found within
periodontal connective tissues and on surface of alveolar bone
› This type of plaque is most detrimental to
periodontal tissues**
Is it …
a. Tooth attached plaque
b. Epithelial attached plaque
c. unattached plaque
b. epithelial attached plaque
› Unorganized gram-negative rods and spirochetes › Separated from epithelium by a layer of leukocyte
Is it …
a. Tooth attached plaque
b. Epithelial attached plaque
c. unattached plaque
c. unattached plaque
How do we remove each type of subG plaque at the dental office :)
- Tooth associated
(attached)—
removed by ____ - Tissue associated
(attached to tissue)—
removed by
_____ - Unattached subg
plaques (not part of
biofilm, sometimes
called planktonic)—
removed by _____
- SRP
- curretage
- flushing
what is bacterial aggregation with food debris called
materia alba
Nature of bacterial plaque is significant;
sulcular ulceration allows bacteria
and/or by products to invade ____ ___
gingival
CT
Due to things such as tobacoo, alcohol, stress, systemic conditions that alter immune response…
Pathogenic bacteria can produce: 1. 2. 3. 4.
- Collagenase: degrades collagen
- Hyaluronidase: can increase tissue permeability and
contribute to bone resporption - Chondroitinase can increase tissue permeability
- Proteases: break down noncollagenous proteins and
increase capillary permeability
What pathogenic waste does bacteria secrete
- Bacterial waste:hydrogen sulfide
2. Toxins : leukotoxin, endotoxins
is found in cell wall of Gram –
bacteria
Include lipopolysaccharides (LPS, LOS), which can
cause tissue necrosis and initiate inflammation and
immune response Some stimulate bone resorption
endotoxin
disturbs PMN leukocytes
leukotoxin
