Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring 2020 Perio > Bacteria Host Response: Inflammatory and Immunology Fundamentals > Flashcards

Bacteria Host Response: Inflammatory and Immunology Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

The inflammatory process involved in the
development of gingivitis and periodontitis is
influenced by the ___ ____ of the
individual.

A

immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ongoing loss of clinical connective tissue attachment and alveolar and supporting bone

A

Periodontal Disease Activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Possible Causes for Decrease in Host Response 7.

A
  1. Stress
  2. Chemotherapy
  3. Local Tissue Trauma
  4. Uncontrolled diabetes
  5. Leukemia
  6. Steroids
  7. AIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bacteria Host-Challenge:
Bacteria in biofilm:

Early bacteria are what kinds?
Bacteria left alone? Sub-G

A
  • Cocci and gram +

- Gram - and complex spir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Early Defense Mechanisms!
SupraG:
Gingival Crevice:
Gingival CT:

What do these contain

A

SupraG: Saliva contains antibacterial factors. Lysozyme, lactoferrine, lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase, sIgA

Gingival Crevice: GCF- Outward flow cleansing the sulcus (outward flow during inflammation) oral epithelium, PMN wall

Gingival CT: IgG, IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Essentials of Immunity
Innate Immune System
Adaptive Immune System

What do each include

A

Innate Immune System:

  • Things everyone has automatically
  • Skin, stomach acid, complement
  • Natural Killer cells

Adaptive Immune System

  • Specific to antigens
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • Antigen presenting cells
  • Phagocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

B cells and T cells are the main mediators of the immune response. There are two types of each. Can you remember what they are?

A

B Cells

  • Memory B Cells
  • Plasma Cells

T Cells

  • Helper T
  • Cytotoxic T Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 Phases of the Inflammatory Process

A
  1. Acute Transient Phase: characterized by local vasodilation and increased capillary permeability (histamine and prostaglandins); clinically we see gingival edema (swelling) and erythema (redness)
  2. Delayed subacute phase:
    characterized by migration of
    PMNs and other phagocytic cells into the tissue
  3. Chronic Phase
    characterized by TISSUE DESTRUCTION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When tissue is damaged or infected, this group of hormones will create the reactions that cause pain, fever and inflammation, which sparks the healing process. Prostaglandins also stimulate the formation of a blood clot and the contraction of the blood vessel wall when your body is bleeding.

A

Prostaglandinds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 3 host cells that contribute to destruction

A
  1. Cytokines
  2. Prostaglandins
  3. Matrix Metalloproteinases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Chemical controllers
  • Produced by PMNs, macrophages, B cells,
    epithelial cells, gingival fibroblasts, and
    osteoblasts
  • Recruit PMNs and macrophages to infection site
  • Increase vascular permeability- allows better movement of immune cells and complement
    -Can initiate tissue destruction*****
A

CYTOKINES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CAN INITIATE TISSUE DESTRUCTION! **

CYTOKINES OR PROSTAGLANDINS

A

CYTOKINES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Biochemical mediators derived from fatty
    acids
  • Produced by PMNs and macrophages
  • Increase dilation and permeability of blood
    vessels
    -***** Trigger osteoclasts
A

Prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Biochemical mediators derived from fatty
    acids
  • Produced by PMNs and macrophages
  • Increase dilation and permeability of blood
    vessels

-***** Trigger osteoclasts

A

Prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Family of enzymes produced by body cells
    that break down connective tissue
  • Made by PMNs, macrophages, gingival
    fibroblasts, and junctional epithelium cells
  • In health-> MMPs facilitate the normal
    turnover of the periodontal connective
    tissue matrix
  • In disease -> overproduction of MMPs
    results in extensive collagen destruction
A

MMPs (Matrix Metalloproteinases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 6 are commonly found in perio … hint lots are cytokines

A

cytokine IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a,
Prostaglandin E-2
MMP Enzymes

17
Q

PMNs (Neutrophils)

1st on scene explain

A

PMN: Neutrophil= 1st line of defense. Hallmark of acute inflammation. First cell called into action at the site of inflammation. phagocytic infantry

Phagocytosis: Phagocyte engulfs/captures the antigen; once captured, invader is degraded by lysosomes

Chemotaxis: Movement of cells in the direction of a chemical attractant

PMN wall protects epithelium, PMns also in injured tissues

18
Q

neutrophil = “first line of defense,” “hallmark of acute inflammation;” first cell called into action at the site of inflammation; Phagocytic (infantry)

A

PMN

19
Q

movement of cells in the direction of a chemical attractant

A

Chemotaxis

20
Q

Depressed PMN function can lead to BIG problems. 7 Problems that are common

A
  1. Localized aggressive periodontitis
  2. Diabete Type I
  3. Chediak- Higashi syndrome
  4. Papillon-Lefevre Syndrom
  5. Drug Induced agranulocytosis
  6. Cyclic neutropenia
  7. Leukemia
21
Q
  • The other main phagocytic cell
  • Monocyte (WBC) ->____
  • Mostly in the inflamed CT, some continue
    into gingival crevice
  • Release cytokines (Il-1 and TNF)
A

Macrophage

22
Q

*** (antibodies or
complement) bind to bacteria so that they
are more easily identified

Think Mission Impossible: At the embassy, they spray the target with a liquid that identifies him to the team

A

Opsonization:

23
Q

series of 20-30
plasma proteins that generate chemotactic
factors attracts PMNs, macrophages,
luekocytes; also directly kills and lyses
bacteria

A

Complement System

24
Q

Immune Response:

After __ days, inflammation will become chronic.

When __ and __ alone are not enough->

Activation of the “specific host response” or adaptive immune system; same reactions and cells seem in inflammatory level, but more cells involved

2 parts to immune reaction: humoral immunity and ____ immunity

A

7 days

PMN and Macrophages

cellular

25
Q
  • B-cells (B-lymphocytes) are mediators
  • Humoral immune mechanisms are most effective against bacteria, such as those in
    perio
A

Humoral Immunity

26
Q

Humoral and ____ immunity occur almost at the same time; cells from one or
the other will predominate during different
stages of perio

A

cellular immunity

27
Q
  • T-cells (T-lymphocytes) are mediators
  • T-cells “watch” the tissues (spies)
  • T-helper (CD4 receptors),
  • T-cytotoxic (CD8
    receptors)
  • T-cells can cause bone loss (stimulate osteoclasts or produce IL-1)
  • Cytotoxic T-Cells (CD8 receptors) can directly kill
    virus-infected cells, cancer cells, parasites, and
    certain bacteria (poke holes) (natural killer cells
    play the same role in innate immunity)
  • Cellular immunity is most effective against fungi,
    viruses, cancer, foreign tissue
A

Cellular Immunity

28
Q

____ immunity is activated in severe gingiviits and periodontitis

A

humoral

29
Q

___ immunity is most effective against fungi, viruses, cancer and foreign tissue

A

cellular

30
Q

T-cells seen mostly in gingivitis or perio?

A

gingiviits

Spring 2020 Perio (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions