Epidemiology and Prevalence of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
Define periodontology.
is the scientific study of the
periodontal structures in health and disease.
Define epidemiology and discuss its place in the
world of dentistry.
is the study of health and disease in the human population l Much of what we know about perio diseases comes from population surveys These are both Quantitative values (quantitative=numbers)
Define prevalence and incidence and discuss the
difference between the two.
Prevalence: proportion or number of
individuals in a population having a disease
at a given time (old and new cases)
Incidence: the rate of new cases occurring
within a certain period of time
Differentiate between severity and extent, and be
able to appropriately use these descriptors.
Severity: degree or amount of periodontal disease involvement and quantifies the amount of attachment loss, bone loss, or probing depth (mild, moderate or severe)
Extent: number or
percentage of diseased
teeth per individual
(localized vs. generalized)
___classification provides us with a full breakdown
of all periodontal disease types, of which there are
many
AAP
___are the main causative agents, while there
are other contributory factors
Bacteria
_____ to disease is the other piece of
disease progression
Host response
What type of perio exam do we do during a
patient appointment here at Pacific?
Comprehensive
screening tools
designed to quantify and simplify the disease
assessment
Indices (sing. Index)
Indices are the measurement tools used in
epidemiological studies for collecting data
l Simple to use l Fast and practical l Sensitive (sensitivity determines if the disease is
really present and can be seen) l Valid (must measure what it is intended to measure) l Reliable (must be consistent) l Level of risk should be acceptable to patients l Amenable to statistical analysis l Clinically significant and meaningful to researchers
Criteria for Indices
l O’leary l Plaque Index (PII) (Silness and Loe) l Simplified debris index (DI-S) l Turesky modification of the Quigly-Hein index
Plaque and Debris Indices
May measure presence, distribution, or
thickness of debris
Calculus Indices
- Simplified calculus index (CS-I)
- Volpe Manhold calculus assessment
-Calculus Index of the National Institute of
Dental Research
Measures extent and location of calculus
- Gingival index (GI) (Silness and Loe)
- Modified Gingival Index
- Sulcus Bleeding index
Measures gingival inflammation
Gingival Indices
- Periodontal Index (PI)
- Community Periodontal Index of treatment
needs (CPITN) l - Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR)
Measure different aspects of periodontal health: ex. Bleeding, pockets, presence of calculus, mobility
Periodontal Indices
inflammation of the gingival tissue
without loss of connective tissue attachment
Gingivitis:
inflammation of the connective
tissue of the supporting or surrounding
structure of the teeth with loss of attachment
(key: with loss of attachment)
Periodontitis:
__ ___ helps dental professionals to
develop guidelines for assessment and
treatment of perio
Provides insight into at risk populations,
which allows for planning of public programs
National data
characteristics that have been
shown to possibly put an individual more at
risk for developing disease (can predict
disease, but are not necessarily causative)
Risk Factors
Risk factors for perio
presence of plaque
and calculus, diabetes, tobacco use, and
others
demographic, behavioral,
and socioeconomic characteristics that are
associated with disease but not considered
causal
Risk indicators:
Risk indicators for perio
age
level of education
gender
race
Men or women have greater severity and prevalence of
periodontitis
men
Do younger or older populations have perio
Older
__ % of adults have periodontitis
Mild (now stage 1): __ %
Moderate
Severe
48
Mild 9%
Moderate 30 %
Severe 8%
