Epidemiology and Prevalence of Periodontal Disease

Question 1

Define periodontology.

Answer 1

is the scientific study of the

periodontal structures in health and disease.

Question 2

Define epidemiology and discuss its place in the

world of dentistry.

Answer 2

is the study of health and
disease in the human population l Much of what we know about perio diseases
comes from population surveys
These are both Quantitative values
(quantitative=numbers)

Question 3

Define prevalence and incidence and discuss the

difference between the two.

Answer 3

Prevalence: proportion or number of
individuals in a population having a disease
at a given time (old and new cases)

Incidence: the rate of new cases occurring
within a certain period of time

Question 4

Differentiate between severity and extent, and be

able to appropriately use these descriptors.

Answer 4

Severity: degree or
amount of periodontal
disease involvement and
quantifies the amount of
attachment loss, bone loss,
or probing depth (mild,
moderate or severe) 

Extent: number or
percentage of diseased
teeth per individual
(localized vs. generalized)

Question 5

___classification provides us with a full breakdown
of all periodontal disease types, of which there are
many

Answer 5

AAP

Question 6

___are the main causative agents, while there

are other contributory factors

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

_____ to disease is the other piece of

disease progression

Answer 7

Host response

Question 8

What type of perio exam do we do during a

patient appointment here at Pacific?

Answer 8

Comprehensive

Question 9

screening tools
designed to quantify and simplify the disease
assessment

Answer 9

Indices (sing. Index)
Indices are the measurement tools used in
epidemiological studies for collecting data

Question 10

l Simple to use l Fast and practical l Sensitive (sensitivity determines if the disease is
really present and can be seen) l Valid (must measure what it is intended to measure) l Reliable (must be consistent) l Level of risk should be acceptable to patients l Amenable to statistical analysis l Clinically significant and meaningful to researchers

Answer 10

Criteria for Indices

Question 11

l O’leary l Plaque Index (PII) (Silness and Loe) l Simplified debris index (DI-S) l Turesky modification of the Quigly-Hein index

Answer 11

Plaque and Debris Indices

May measure presence, distribution, or
thickness of debris

Question 12

Calculus Indices

Answer 12

• Simplified calculus index (CS-I)
• Volpe Manhold calculus assessment
  -Calculus Index of the National Institute of
  Dental Research

Measures extent and location of calculus

Question 13

• Gingival index (GI) (Silness and Loe)
• Modified Gingival Index
• Sulcus Bleeding index

Answer 13

Measures gingival inflammation

Gingival Indices

Question 14

• Periodontal Index (PI)
• Community Periodontal Index of treatment
  needs (CPITN) l
• Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR)

Answer 14

Measure different aspects of periodontal health: ex. Bleeding, pockets, presence of calculus, mobility

Periodontal Indices

Question 15

inflammation of the gingival tissue

without loss of connective tissue attachment

Answer 15

Gingivitis:

Question 16

inflammation of the connective
tissue of the supporting or surrounding
structure of the teeth with loss of attachment
(key: with loss of attachment)

Answer 16

Periodontitis:

Question 17

__ ___ helps dental professionals to
develop guidelines for assessment and
treatment of perio

Provides insight into at risk populations,
which allows for planning of public programs

Answer 17

National data

Question 18

characteristics that have been
shown to possibly put an individual more at
risk for developing disease (can predict
disease, but are not necessarily causative)

Answer 18

Risk Factors

Question 19

Risk factors for perio

Answer 19

presence of plaque
and calculus, diabetes, tobacco use, and
others

Question 20

demographic, behavioral,
and socioeconomic characteristics that are
associated with disease but not considered
causal

Answer 20

Risk indicators:

Question 21

Risk indicators for perio

Answer 21

age
level of education
gender
race

Question 22

Men or women have greater severity and prevalence of

periodontitis

Answer 22

men

Question 23

Do younger or older populations have perio

Answer 23

Older

Question 24

__ % of adults have periodontitis

Mild (now stage 1): __ %
Moderate
Severe

Answer 24

48

Mild 9%
Moderate 30 %
Severe 8%