Risk

Question 1

What is absolute risk?

Answer 1

The incidence of disease in a given population

Question 2

What is relative risk?

Answer 2

This describes how risk changes given exposure to a risk factor

Question 3

How do you calculate relative risk?

Answer 3

Relative risk = incidence in exposed / incidence in non exposed

Question 4

How is a cross sectional study different from a case control study?

Answer 4

In a cross sectional study two groups of people defined by their outcome are compared to see who is currently exposed to a given factor
In a case control study a comparison is made between two groups of people defined by their outcome to see who has ever been exposed to a given factor

Question 5

How do you calculate an odds ratio?

Answer 5

Odds ratio = (number of exposed with disease x number of exposed without disease) / (number of not exposed with disease x number of exposed without disease)

Question 6

Relative risk can only be obtained from what kind of study?

Answer 6

Cohort study

Question 7

Odds ratio can only be obtained from what kind of study?

Answer 7

Case control and cross sectional studies

Question 8

What is attributable risk?

Answer 8

The incidence of cases among those exposed that are due to exposure to the risk factor

Question 9

How do you calculate attributable risk?

Answer 9

AR = incidence of disease in exposed - incidence of disease in unexposed

Question 10

What is population attributable risk?

Answer 10

The incidence of cases among the whole population which are due to the exposure

Question 11

How is population attributable risk calculated?

Answer 11

PAR = attributable risk x prevalence of exposure

Question 12

Describe the difference between single risk factor strategies, population health strategies and high baseline risk strategies in prevent on hypertension

Answer 12

Single risk factor strategy - treat bp in all individuals with a high bp
Population health strategy - lower bp in whole population
High baseline risk strategy - treat bp and other risk factors in individuals with high overall risk

Question 13

What is the difference between primary and secondary prevention?

Answer 13

Primary prevention aims to reduce the risk of getting a disease whereas secondary prevention aims to reduce disease worsening

Question 14

Global risk scores are required in order to implement high baseline risk strategy of prevention. T/F?

Answer 14

True