Malnutrition And Obesity

Question 1

What is the definition of mild malnutrition?

Answer 1

Weight loss and 1 to 2 standard deviations below median weight for height

Question 2

What is the definition of moderate malnutrition?

Answer 2

Weight loss and 2 to 3 standard deviations below the median weight for height

Question 3

What is the definition of severe malnutrition?

Answer 3

Below 3 standard deviations of median weight for height

Visible severe wasting or Presence of nutritional oedema

Question 4

What conditions can result from protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 4

kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Catabolysis

Question 5

What condition results from vitamin B1 deficiency?

Answer 5

Beriberi or Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Question 6

What condition results from vitamin B2 deficiency?

Answer 6

Ariboflavinosis

Question 7

What condition results from vitamin B3 deficiency?

Answer 7

Pellagra

Question 8

What condition results from selenium deficiency?

Answer 8

Keshan disease

Question 9

Children’s BMIs vary throughout the normal process of growth so the adult cutoffs for obesity are not used in children. What is used instead?

Answer 9

BMI is compared to historic distributions of BMI (usually from 1990) and the children who would have been within the top 5% of BMIs in the 1990s are considered obese

Question 10

What are some of the medical problems associated with obesity?

Answer 10

Type II diabetes
Ischaemic heart disease
Some cancers
Cerebrovascular disease
OA
Hypertension

Question 11

What are some of the social problems associated with obesity?

Answer 11

Body image dichotomy
Difficulties in engaging with common social activities
Stigma

Question 12

What are some of the economic issues surrounding obesity?

Answer 12

Sick leave

Cost to NHS of treating the consequences of obesity

Question 13

What factors can contribute to obesity?

Answer 13

Genetic predispositions
Leptin and appetite control
Insulin production
Individual diet and exercise patterns
Deprivation
Learning disability
Sex
Race
Obesogenic environment

Question 14

What is meant by an obesogenic environment?

Answer 14

Consumer culture where fatty foods are readily available, cheap and heavily marketed as are labour saving devices such as lifts and there is an increased in passive and motorised personal transport and decreased community participation in active leisure pursuits

Question 15

What interventions of the physical environment can be made to tackle obesity?

Answer 15

Proximity to healthier food choice
Portion sizes restrictions
Private care restricted areas
Workplace building design
Point of decision prompts
Active travel incentives and facilities

Question 16

What economic and legislative interventions can help tackle obesity?

Answer 16

Local price incentives for healthier diets
Trade restrictions
Sugared beverage tax
Agricultural frameworks
Financial incentives for physical activity
Mandatory food labelling
Area wide cycling route
Workplace food policies

Question 17

What are some of the sociocultural interventions that could tackle obesity?

Answer 17

Targeting education campaigns backed by supportive legislation
Mass media activity campaigns
Food advert restrictions
Personal travel plans
Primary care exercise referral