Rise of the Nazis Flashcards

1
Q

From 1928-32 how did Nazis do in the elections?

A

1928- 2.6%
1930- 18.3% (Bruning’s early vote)
July 1932- 37.3% (biggest party)
November 1932- 33.1% (biggest party)

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2
Q

What were some of the propaganda the Nazi’s used?

A
Door knocking
Leaflets
Marches
Speeches
Posters
Rallies
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3
Q

How many copies of their economic programme did they distribute during July 1932 election?

A

600,000

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4
Q

How did the Nazis enhance their speeches/

A

By using the latest technology- slide shows, films and loud speakers

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5
Q

How did marches help him gain votes?

A

Made Hitler look orderly and organised

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6
Q

What did the posters of Hitler show?

A

Hitler as saviour of Germany

The SPD/KPD as evil

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7
Q

What was the ‘Hitler over Germany’ campaign?

A

Hitler travelled by plane during the 1932 presidential election to make unto 5 speeches a day in different cities
Also flew a banner showing pro-Hitler messages

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8
Q

How did the anti-young campaign help Hitler?

A

Gave Hitler access to Alfred Hugenburg’S (DVNP) vast media empire. It gained NSDAP more funds and funders, eg Thyssen
After depression people began to respect Hitler more as he was right

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9
Q

What was Nazi membership like?

A

In 1931 grew from 390,000 to 800,000

However turnover was quick as people became disillusioned by the Nazi’s lack of power in 1932

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10
Q

What were the effects of the presidential election?

A

Hitler presented as the younger man of action
Hindenburg was a candidate for the left, backed by the SPD
In some rural areas, eg Pomerania, Hitler defeated Hindenburg
Campaign and results made Hitler more legitimate and publicised

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11
Q

What were the results of the presidential election?

A

Hindenburg got 49.6% in the first round and 53% in the second
Hitler got 30% and 37%

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12
Q

How did street fighting help the Nazi cause?

A

Nazis got a matyr- Horst Wessel who was shot by two communists
Unlike communists

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13
Q

What were the weaknesses of the opposition?

A

SDP was not anti-versailles, their democracy was linked to crises
KPD/SPD refused to work together
Hindenburg more likely to choose a RW gov as that was his agenda
Series of Govs made democracy look weak

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14
Q

How did the Nazi party distinguish themselves from other parties?

A

They called themselves a movement

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15
Q

What was the Nazi’s message to voters?

A

They would make Germany a great nation again
Destroy Versailles
Solve economic problems
Give the people work and bread
Feeble Weimar system would be replaced by strong leadership
Criticised coalition gov for being unable to do anything
Portrayed SPD s evil communists
Promised women would be valued
Promised to give small producers their money back from Jews

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16
Q

How was Hitler key to the Nazi party success?

A

Used Putch, trial and Mein Kampf for publicity
When in prison, NSDAP feel apart and he had to virtually refound it
He based the party on Fuhrerprinzip- one strong leader

17
Q

How was Hitler seen by listeners?

A

He was a charismatic powerful speaker, able to identify audiences emotions and relate to them, eg through being a soldier or artist, able to identify with both elite and working classes grievances
However many who met him were not impressed

18
Q

How was the party organised?

A

Organised into areas or Gaue, headed by a a local leader Gauliter

19
Q

How many people had passed through their speaking school by 1933?

A

6000

20
Q

What organisations did the Nazi’s create?

A

Their welfare organisation ran soup kitchens and gave food donations

21
Q

What was the SA?

A

Formed in 1920 to protect Nazi speakers, by 1933 had 500,000 members- nicknamed brownshirts
From 1930 led by Rohm.

22
Q

Why were men attracted into the SA?

A

Half came from working class- mainly unemployed
Provided with a uniform, meals, sometimes accommodation and there was camps too\Men attracted by anti-communism/semitism, love for Hitler or violence

23
Q

What were the SA supposed to do?

A

Distribute leaflets, protect Nazi meetings, drive communists from the streets
Not allowed to carry arms but still fought- 84 killed 1932, nearly 10,000 injured
Disciplined marches showed Nazis would restore law and order
Fear of an SA seize of power scared many

24
Q

What did the SA do when they were banned?

A

Still paraded, just without the uniform

25
Q

What were the Nazi slogans?

A

Easy

‘First bread, then reparations’

26
Q

Who voted for the Nazis?

A

More popular in rural areas, self-employed and farmers disproportionally voted for them

27
Q

What did Evans say about the 1932 presidential election?

A

Hitler was beginning to look unstoppable

28
Q

What did Evans say about propaganda?

A

Intense propaganda soon brought its desired results

29
Q

What did Kirk say about the Nais?

A

At its peak in 1932 NSDAP represented a wider range of social classes than any other parties

30
Q

What did McDonough say about propaganda?

A

It was key to Nazi success, thanks to Gobbels

31
Q

What did Goldhagen believe?

A

Anti-communist arguments were more important to winning votes than antisemitic arguments

32
Q

What did Huxley believe?

A

Propaganda canalises an already existing stream

33
Q

What did Brunstein believe?

A

Economic issues played a large part in Nazi appeal