Consolidation of power Flashcards
What did Gellately believe about the Nazi regime?
There was an authoritarian dictatorship set up
What was the Reichstag fire decree?
Restricted the rights of personal freedom, freedom of opinion, freedom of press
Allowed for imprisonment without trial
Why was the Reichstag fire decree passed?
Passed under article 48 (legal) with Hindenburg’s blessing under the context that there was a communist plot to overthrow the state after the Reichstag fire.
What was the enabling act?
It changed the constitution, meant Hitler could pass laws without the approval of Hindenburg and the Reichstag
Only for 4 years however
What number was the enabling act passed by?
441:94
How did the Nazis get round the SPD boycotting the act?
They had to provide a valid reason for not turning unto the Reichstag or they would still be counted. Hiding for their lives was not a valid reason- 26 SPD deputies were in hiding.
What happened to the KPD?
The 81 KPD deputies had been arrested so they couldn’t vote against the bill
What happened in August 1934?
There was a vote to decide if Hitler should be given the role of Fuhrer, a merge of the chancellor and president.
Before, Hindenburg’s son Oskar spoke publicly in favour of Hitler and Hindenburg’s political testament was ‘discovered’, speaking of warmly of Hitler
What was the vote for merging into Fuhrer?
90% of people voted in favour of it
95% voter turnout
What were the consequences of Hitler becoming fuhrer?
The army swore allegiance to Hitler by name
there was no opposition
What did Kershaw believe about mid-August?
By mid August 1934 Hitler ‘had secured total power’
What did Evans believe about terror?
There was limits to the power of the SS
What did the SS control
They controlled Dachau, which was set up into intimidating people into not speaking out against the regime.
There was 26,000 people being detained at Dachau by summer 1933
What did Noakes believe about the SS?
They gave the Nazi leaders an ‘awesome power’
What did the SA control that helped consolidate Hitler’s power?
They created makeshift torture cells in Berlin to torture opponents, 240 in Berlin 1933.
They also had a wave of Violence against communists in Köpenick blood week, where an estimated 91 people were killed.
Why were the SA a hinderance?
Papen spoke out against the violence of the SA at his Public speech in Marburg
What happened at NOLK?
Up to 200 killed by SS in the night that were threatening to Hitler
Rohm, leader of the SA was killed as he wanted a revolution.
Kurt Von Schleicher and his wife both murdered
Gregor Strasser killed
What were the effects of NOLK?
The SA were under control
Newspaper heading announced Hitler had crushed a revolt- public thought he had saved Germany
Elite and Hindenburg were won over by Hitler’s decisive actions to eliminate a threat and stop the SA from becoming too powerful.
What does Geary believe about NOLK?
It showed the public that the Nazis would ‘brook no opposition’
Why was terror more successful than the acts?
Without terror the acts may not have been passed, there was SA men outside the Kroll opera house and there was SA men at polling stations watching people vote.
What was done under Gleichshaltung?
All other political parties were banned so that the Nazi party was the only one
The concordant ensured the church would not interfere with politics
Trade unions were banned
What shows that churches were not completely under control?
The emergency league of pastors was set up in 1933 September to resist Nazis changing the protestant religion
What replaced trade unions?
The German labour front, DAF
What did Koonz believe about Gleichshaltung?
It occurred so stealthily, most Germans hardly noticed
