Rise Of The Nazi Flashcards
1
Q
What does NSDAP stand for
A
National socialist German workers party
2
Q
What does völklsen mean
A
For the people
3
Q
What does labensraum mean
A
Living space
4
Q
What rank did hitler rise to in the army in ww1
A
Corporal
5
Q
Did hitler get hurt in ww1
A
Twice
6
Q
What was hitler awarded in ww1 for his bravery
A
Iron cross ( first class)
7
Q
What qualities did his officers thought hitler lacked
A
Leadership qualities
8
Q
What job was hitler given after ww1
A
Spying on the new political party - German workers party
9
Q
Before hitler joined the German workers part how many people did it consist of and who established it?
A
Anton Drexer
23 people
10
Q
When did hitler join the DAP
A
September 1919
11
Q
When did hitler become the leader of the DAP
A
Jan 1922
12
Q
What how many members where in the NASDP by nov 1923
A
50,000
13
Q
What were the DAP mainly against
A
Weimar politicians And TOV
Democracy - thought it made Germany weak
Jewish people - blamed for economic problems
14
Q
When did hitler become head of properganda and what did he produce when working with Drexeler
A
Jan 1920
The 25 point programme
15
Q
Why would the party policies of the DAP help hitler take control of the party
A
Giving people someone to blame
He’s reflecting how they are feeling (channeling hate)
16
Q
What did hitler practice to do to attract public support
A
Practiced his presentation skills
How to build up tension with his voice hands and body gestures
17
Q
Between November 1919 and 1920 how many meeting was hitler the star speaker of
A
31/46
18
Q
By the end of 1920 how many had the membership of the DAP brown by
A
3,000
19
Q
What did hitler do to reform the party organisation as head of properganda and why/what effect did it have
A
Permanent party office in Munich was run by rudolf schussler = money and membership inc
Changed names to NSDAP = highlights nationalist and socialist aims = appealing to more
Adoption of swastika and straight arm salute
Creation of the newspaper + volkisvher beobachter (peoples observer)
20
Q
What did hitler win in 1921 against Drexeler
A
A leadership contest
21
Q
Who did hitler choose to help him run the party
A
Rudolf Hess - wealthy academic became his deputy
Herman goering - ww1 fighter pilot
Julius streiher - set up another newspaper (the stormer )
Ernst rohm - former arm officer
+ some supplier from ww1 hero general ludendorff
22
Q
What did hitler from in 1921 august and who were they
A
Sturmabteilung / strontroopers
Recruited from unemployed army and students
Dressed + acted like a private army
23
Q
What did the stormtroopers wear
A
Brown shirts
24
Q
What did stormtroopers do for hitler
A
March through streets
Controlled NSDAP meetings
Stopped opposition to hitler suing violence
Disrupt opposition meetings
25
Hitler chose some members of the stromtrooped to be his known bodyguards
What were they known as
Stossstrupp
26
Example of a point in hitlers 25 point program that linked to TOV
The abolition of the treaty if Versailles
27
Example of a point in hitlers 25 point program that linked to gaining land
Land and colonies to feed Germans population
28
Example of a point in hitlers 25 point program that linked to Creating a strong government
Strong central government with unrestricted authority
29
Example of a point in hitlers 25 point program that linked to anti semiitism
Only Germans can be citizens, no Jewish person can be a German citizen
30
3 reasons why the Munich putsch failed
Didn’t have support of Bavarian gov or German people
Lacked weapons
Had to force Khar and two ministers to join
31
Why did hitler believe that nov 1923 was a good moment to try and topple the Weimar gov
Gov was preoccupied with economic crisis
Stress Evan just called of Germans passive resistance in Ruhr which was an unpopular move
32
When was the Munich putsch
1923 November
33
Who was Gustav von kahr
Leader of the Bavarian government
34
On November 8th November 1923 where was kahr holding a meeting
A beer hall
35
How many SA and what announcement did hitler make when he hijacked kahrs meeting in 1923
600 SA
He announced he would be taking over the government of Bavaria and that a national revolution has begun
36
What events followed hitlers hijaking of the beer hall in 1923
Hitler was joined by Ludendorff
SA men forced kahr + two other ministers into a side room.
Hitler tried to convince them to join his revolution by promising jobs one they had been successful
Kahr argued with hitler but eventually he and other leading politicians reluctantly agreed to support nazis after being held at gunpoint
37
Kahr was released by Ludendorff - what did he immediately do and why
(1923 - Munich putsch)
Used radio to air hits less plans and distance himself
38
Hitler new without the support of who he would not succeed
So what does he do
(Munich putch)
Bavarian government
Do it anyway
39
Events of the Munich putsch (before getting to centre of much)
Nazi storm troopers began taking over official buildings
However they failed to take over the local army barracks that stayed loyal to government
Without support from reichwehr naziss didn’t have a chance of succeeding
40
Hitler and Ludendorff March into centre of Munich with how many supporters and what did they find when they got there
3000
They were barred by the police
41
How many rifles did the nazis have between them during the Munich putsch
2000
No match for well armed police
42
How many nazis and police were killed in the Munich putsch
14 nazis
2 police
43
How did hitler escape after the Munich putsch and what did Ludendorff do
Hitler escaped in his car
Lundendorf and others stayed to face armed police
44
What had hitler miscalculated about the Munich putsch
The mood of the German people
They did not come out on street to support the nazis
45
Long term causes of the Munich putsch
1918 to 23 a long list of grievances had built up e.g. stab in the back theory and reparations that lead to a deep resentment of the Weimar Republic
which created support for nationalist parties for example NSDAP
1919 to 23 NSDAP was growing it’s Munich base in Bavaria
Bavarian state government leaders shared NSDAPs views and turned a blind eye to the violence of the SA
1923 NSDAP had 50,000 members
46
Medium term causes of the Munich putsch
1921 to 22 Hitler and NSDAP was heavily influenced by right-wing parties in Italy led by Mussolini (fascists(
they modelled the salute and use of flags on fascists
1922 Mussolini led Parliamentary forces in a match on Rome forcing democratic government of Italy to accept him his new leader
47
Short term causes of the Munich putsch
During 1923 Hyperinflation in Germany reached its peak
1923 French troops into Germans industrial area in Rurh and took over Germans business there
when German workers resisted they were arrested and imprisoned
German people were angry
Weimar Republic seem weak and unable to solve peoples problems
this was the time to exploit grievances

48
What was a success for the nazis from the Munich putsch
Nazi party was now recorded as a leading right wing party
Many involved in putsch later gained jobs in Nazi leadership
Trial enabled Hitler to publicity criticise Ebert and the Weimar Republic
Pitch but Hitler needed publicity
Hitler realised road to office lay in legal methods not violence
His prison sentence gave me time to write Mein Kampf which publicise his beliefs and ideas
49
What was a failure for the nazis as a result of the Munich putsch
Hitler sentenced to 5 years of force arrest yet he only served nine months
Hitler fled but was arrested two days later
14 nazis killed
With hitler in prison the nazi party was leaderless and disintegrated
Kahr immediately broke his promise and called for nazi party to be dissolved.
50
What did the mein kampf say in terms of race
German race (Ayrian race) was destined to rule but Jewish people were u demeaning Aryan rule
51
What did the mein kampf say in terms of nationalism
Hitler stressed need for space to expand into
Reviving German power
Eg, reverse tov
52
What did the mein kampf say in terms of socialism
Using wealth of industry + land to German working people (not rich land owners)
53
What did the mein kampf say in terms of traditional views
Old style German art music and theatre
Strong family values
Clear male and female roles
Christian morality
54
What did the mein kampf say in terms of totalitarianism
Throwing of Democracy - hitler belived it was weak
Power In hands of state (preferable one leader)
55
What happed to the nazi party in feb 1925 when hitler got out of prison
The ban was lifted
56
Without a leader the nazi party had fragmented so what does hitler do
Set up a headquarters
Sets up youth groups: main one is hitler youth 14-18 boys (1930 - 250,000 members)
Sets up 35 gaus across the country (one branch = one region of Germany) each one had a leader called Gauleiters
Sets up SS black shirts - elite Ayrans (hitlers body guards)
Adopted point 17
57
What were the leaders of the gaus encouraged to spread
Fuhrerprinzip
( one leader of nazi party which is nonnegotiable )
58
What funded the branches of nazis and why
Big industrial companies
Eg. Bosch, thyssem, Krupp (chemical companies)
Because they didn’t like communists
59
What disagreement happened at the nazi party conference + what was hitlers response
Gobals wanted a more socialist focus other wanted a more nationalist party
Hitler’s response was it was nonnegotiable of discussion with policy
He made gobbles gaus for Berlin to calm them down
60
What adaptions did hitler make to point 17 and why
To win over farmers
He made it clear that he would only take land of Jewish people
61
Why were farmers likely to support hitler
Not doing well over golden years
62
By 1928 what had nazi membership risen to
100,000
63
What % of votes did the nazis get in the 1928 election in reichstag and why
2%
People were happy as it was during the golden years
64
By 1933 how many workers were unemployed due tho the Wall Street crash
- what % of these were factory workers
- what % were 16-30
- what % of graduates couldn’t find a job
6 million
40%
50%
60%
65
When was the Wall Street crash
Oct 1929
66
USA had massive financial problems when shares on the stock exchange crash the value
Cause on the world
World wide crisis
People lacked confident to invest in business - decline in world trade
Other countries stoped buying German goods
67
USA had massive financial problems when shares on the stock exchange crash the value
What effect did this have on American and German banks
They were investors in the US stock market so they lost money when it crashed
As a result they recalled loans made to industries o pay account holders
68
As Germany recalled loans to industries after the Wall Street crash and a world wide crisis
What happened to industries as a result
Industrial crisis
Foreign countries stopped buying German goods + loans had to be returned to banks they had to cut back on production or close completely
69
What cycle did industries having to cut back or close completely as a result of the Wall Street crash result in Germany
Workers laid off as companies no longer making enough money to survive
1.3mill unemployed in September 1929
Caused a further industrial crisis
As unemployed inc - people had less money to spend so industries lost money
So more workers laid of
6.1 mill unemployed by jan 1933
70
What social effects did the Wall Street crash have in the people in Germany
Savings lost
Homelessness inc As people couldn’t afford rent
Lead to shanty towns
Lead to theft and crime
Theft inc by 24% in Berlin
71
What is a depression vs hyperinflation
Depression is not enough money in circulation but Hyperion us too much money that it is worthless
72
What impact did the Wall Street crash have on the Weimar government / what did they do
They did not have a solution
President Hindenburg appoints Heinrich brüning as chancellor in March 1930
They use article 48 to pass laws
73
What did Hindenburg and brünings use of article 48 lead to
Death of democracy in 1930
Presidential decrees inc from 5 (1930) to 66 (1932) and reischstag laws decreased from 98 (1930) to only 5 (1932)
74
How many seats did the nazis get after the Wall Street crash (vs how. Many they got before)
In 1928 - they only got 12 seats but not had 107 seats
75
Why was brüning unpopular
Decreases unemployment benefits as gov needed money
Decreased wages of gov employees
Decreased pensiojs
Increased taxes (for those still working )
Lead to food shortages
76
When does brüning resign
1932
77
Why did communist support inc in the Wall Street crash
Workers turned to them for help
78
Who did middle classes turn to during the Wall Street crash
Mainly nazis as they feared communism and didn’t like the government
79
How did the new leader of the German communist party after the spartisit uprising try to gain power
Through peaceful politics
80
Did support for extremist groups change during the Wall Street crash
Yes it increased
81
How many seats s did communists win in the 1930s elections
77
82
Economic impacts of the Wall Street crash
Banks were major investors in shares and suffered huge losses
German banks have so much money that people are worried they will not be able to get the money out of the bank - people rush to get the money - so some banks run out of cash
Crash cause the worldwide depression so it was difficult to sell goods abroad causing further problems for Germany economy 
Government worried about spending extra money as the feared it would lead to hyperinflation
Prices had been falling since 1925 in the 1930s farmers slipped further into debt so farmers sold the land of struggles in poverty
83
Social impacts of the Wall Street crash
German industrial output fell unemployment rose
Middle classes lost the most in Germany their savings companies and homes’s
Unemployment rose in the street and some join private armies of political parties so violence became common

84
Political effects of the Wall Street crash
Coalition of parties which the Weimar relied upon collapsed leaving Bruning to govern by decree
People blamed political parties that have been running the country and democratic way Weimar Republic was governed
People remember the earlier problems and once again the democratically elected government were unable to cope
Unemployment and poverty had a significant impact on Germans votes
Crisis made government look weak and powerless so people start looking for more extreme alternatives
85
What gave the nazis an opportunity to become the largest party in Germany and why
The Wall Street crash caused a Great Depression
It also caused economic and political instability
86
Examples of The nazis highly effective nationwide propaganda system
Posters
Rallies
Banners
120 newspapers (managed by Joseph goebbels)
Radio
87
What did the national presence of the nazis mean they could do
Stand in local, regional and presidential elections
88
Nazis could stand in local , regional and presidential elections because Of their national presence. What did each election do
Help raise their popularity
And increase their national awareness which helped improve the nazis electoral success
89
The nazis had clear policies in their campaigns. What were they
Blaming country’s problems on November criminals and Jewish people
90
I’m the 1930s election what did nazis increase there seats from and to in th reichstag
From 12 to 107
91
If any who won’t majority in the 1930s election
No one won majority so chancellor brüning still needed to work with other parties and rely on president Hindenburg + article 48
92
What did the nazis success at the 1930 election encourage hitler to do
Run for president aga sit Hindenburg
93
When hitler ran fro president - how did he use propaganda to present himself
Goebbels ensured that there were mass rallies and support for their news paper
Used new technology to appear as a modern politician - for example hitler managed to speak in 5 differnt cities in one day by flying to them
He also has messages published on radio broadcas, films
94
How was hitlers campaigns in contrast to Hindenburgs in run for president
Hindenburg didn’t campaign
95
Who won president - hitler or Hindenburg
Hindenburg but it did increase support and awareness for the nazis
96
How many seats did the nazis win in the july 1932 election
230
97
Why did people start to support for nazis after the Great Depression
The political and economic chaos meant that people were scared of a communist revolution
The uniformed and organised and disappointed appearance of the SA made nazis look like they could lead a strong Germany and also protect country from communism
98
How many men where in the SA by 1930 compared to the coumnist red front
SA - 400,000
Rf - 130,000
99
What where the SA useful for after 1930
Disrupting political party meetings
100
Who did the nazis anti-communism message attract financial support from and what did it pay for
Big business like thyssen, Krupp, Bosch
Payed for campaign around the country
Eg, 600,000mcopies of their econ,if programmes were printed for the 1932 election
101
In 1932 who did the nazis begin to develop link with and how did it help nazis
Another right wing party
DNVP - owned by a newspaper tycoon Alfred hugenberg
He allowed nazis to publish anti government articles in all his newspapers
102
Why were anti communist messages popular with middle classes and farmers
They feared they would loose their homes and business to communists
Nazi message was about tradition and strong leadership which was very popular among this group
103
What encouraged young people to join the nazi party
Atmosphere and excitement of nazi rallies and meetings
104
What % of all new members of the nazi parties were between 18 and 30
43%
105
How did the nazi party gain the support of women
They had the view of traditional women - this was an attractive option to some women
106
How did nazis try to gain support from the working classes
Promised to provide ‘work and bread’ for them
107
How many members of the SA were there in 1933
2 million
108
Who was franz von papen
Rich catholic politician (in catholic centre party)
Made chancellor after brüning in 1932
109
Who was kurt von schleicher
General in ww1
Hindenburgs key adviser
Replaced von papen as chancellor
110
When does Hindenburg stand for re-election
March 1932
111
Results of March 1932 election
Communists = 5 mill voted
Hindenburg = 18 mill votes
Hitler = 11 mill votes
112
As hitler didn’t win the 1932 March election when does he stand for a reelection and what does he do this time
April 1932
He campaigned furiously - rented out an airplane to deliver speeches
113
What were the results of the April 1932 electoions
Communism - 4 mil
Hindenburg- 19 mil
Hitler - 13 mil
114
What does brüning do in may 1932
Banned SA and SS
announced plans to buy land from rich landowners and use it to house unemployed- led to uniting right wing groups, landowning classes and president Hindenburg
So he was forced to resign as didn’t have support from reichstag or Hindenburg
115
Who becomes chancellor after brüning (when)
Von papen may 1932
116
What was von papen as chancellor appointed to do
Lead a right wing coalition (including nazis)
Though they wouldn’t have majority they could rule using article 48
117
How many dies because of violence caused by the July 1932 elections
100 people died
7000 injured
118
What does hitler demand because of the 1932 July elections and why
Von papen be sacked and hitler become chancellor as they were the largest party in the reichstag
119
What happens to Von papen in November 1932
Sacked
120
Who replaced von papen as chancellor I’m December 1932
Von shleicher
121
Why does Hindenburg deside to make Von shliecher chancellor even Though he had no political support
Believed that the nazis were on the decline
122
Why was hitler made chancellor
Schliecher tried to start a military coup (threat of military dictatorship)
Von papen belived they could control him
123
When does hitler become chancellor
30 January 1933
