Rio de Janiero

Question 1

importance of rio (1)

Answer 1

Brazil’s second most important industrial centre, producing 5 per cent of Brazil’s GDP

A major port - main exports are coffee, sugar and iron ore

Main service industries are banking, finance and insurance

Question 2

importance of rio (2)

Answer 2

Rio hosted matches during the 2014 World Cup and hosted the 2016 Olympic Games

Stunning natural surroundings and amazing beaches make it one of the most visited cities in the southern hemisphere.

Question 3

Why has Rio grown rapidly

Answer 3

Rural-Urban Migration from Caratinga to Rio is an important way that Rio has grown this is due to the push factors:
Limited schooling and few career options
Limited access to doctors and medical supplies
Dry and unreliable rainfall
Low pay
Failing harvests

Question 4

Where have migrants in Rio de Janeiro come from

Answer 4

.Other parts of Brazil such as the Amazon Basin
.From other countries in South America, such as Argentina and Bolivia
.More recent migrants have come from South Korea and China seeking new business opportunities

Question 5

Characteristic of the North zone

Answer 5

.Industrial
.International airport is located here
.Includes areas of favela

Question 6

Characteristics of South Zone

Answer 6

.Developed after tunnels were cut through mountains
.Rio’s main tourist hotels and beaches such as Copacabana and Ipanema
.Dominated by luxury and middle-class flats

Question 7

Characteristics of West Zone

Answer 7

. New motorways are built here
. lower class -> wealthy middle class
. Industrial area has low quality housing
. Main olympic stadiums are here

Question 8

Characteristics of Centro Zone (opportunities)

Answer 8

.Oldest part of the city with many historic buildings
.CBD and main shopping area here
.Safe during the day but not at night

Question 9

Tourists and residents in Rio (opportunities)

Answer 9

6.3 Million residents and 1.2 million tourists to sell to and get to work for you
More opportunities for businesses to sell to tourists
+ larger workforce

Question 10

Films in Rio (opportunities)

Answer 10

Films produces in Rio make up 85% of the Brazil’s film industry income
Migration + investment from film companies
Increasing interest/tourism -> economic opportunities
Creative job opportunities

Question 11

Crime in Rio (opportunities)

Answer 11

Number of murders fallen significantly since 1990’s
Safer for tourists -> economic opportunities
Larger workforce
Increased migration because it’s safer

Question 12

Education in Rio (opportunities)

Answer 12

1000 primary schools & 400 secondary schools
More skilled workers
Leads to more foreign direct investment due to more skilled workforce

Question 13

Energy in rio (opportunities)

Answer 13

New nuclear generator and HEP plant called Simplicio. 99% of city has access to the power grid.
Better quality of life
Access to the internet
Increase in education as they can use the internet

Question 14

Challenges in Rio (Education)

Answer 14

In Rio about 90% of children aged ten can read and write because there is a greater number of schools. 25 % of brazils’ poorest Children don’t go to school.
However, only half of all children continue their education beyond the age of 14.

Question 15

Solutions to education

Answer 15

Encourages local people to volunteer and help in schools
Schools give grants to poor families to help meet the costs of keeping their children in school
Opening a private university in Rocinha favela

Question 16

Challenges in Water Supply

Answer 16

12% of Rio’s population did not have access to running water.
Estimated that 37 percent of water is lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access.

Question 17

Solutions to the water supply problem

Answer 17

Seven new treatment plants were built between 1998 and 2014, over 300km of piper were laid.
By 2014, 95% of the population had mains water supply.

Question 18

Challenges in Energy

Answer 18

The whole city suffers frequent blackouts due to a shortage of electricity.
Many people living in the poorer parts of Rio de Janeiro get their electricity by illegally tapping into mains supply.

Question 19

Solutions to energy

Answer 19

Installing 60km of new power lines
Building a new nuclear generator
Simplicio hydro-electric complex will increase Rio’s supply of electricity by 30%.

Question 20

Healthcare challenges in Rio

Answer 20

Most of the healthcare services are not free.
In 2013 only 55% of the city had a local family health clinic.

Question 21

Solutions to healthcare

Answer 21

Medical staff took a health kit into peoples homes in Santa Marta and were able to detect many diseases and treat them.

Question 22

Crime challenges in Rio de Janiero

Answer 22

Powerful gangs control drug trafficking in many of the favelas. The police have taken steps to control crime.

Question 23

Solutions to crime challenges

Answer 23

In 2013 pacifying police units were established to reclaim favelas from drug dealers
Police have taken control of crime dominated Complexo de Alemão and 30 smaller favelas.

Question 24

Challenges of unemployment

Answer 24

Brazil’s economy went into a deep recession in 2015. The richest 1 percent earns 12 percent of the total income. But the income of the poorest 50 percent is only 13 percent of the total.
Informal economy is where many people work in. Which is extremely poorly paid

Question 25

Solutions of unemployment

Answer 25

Local government uses education to try reduce unemployment. Schools of Tomorrow programme aims to improve education for young people in the poor and violent areas of the city

Question 26

Economics growth in Rio opportunities

Answer 26

The city provides the 6 percent of all employment in Brazil.
Rio has one of the highest incomes per head in the country.

Question 27

Traffic congestion in Rio

Answer 27

Estimated to cause 5000 deaths per year in Rio.
Causes:
. High crime levels mean that many people prefer to travel by car
. Tunnels through the mountains are needed to connect different areas of the city

Question 28

Solutions of congestion in Rio

Answer 28

Expansion of the metro system under Guanabara bay
New toll roads into city centre to reduce congestion
Making coast roads one way during rush hours to improve traffic flow.

Question 29

Water Pollution in Rio

Answer 29

Guanabara Bay is highly polluted causing a major threat to wildlife. Commercial fishing has declined by 90 percent in the last 20 years.
. Over 200 tonnes of raw sewage pours into the bay each year
. Over 50 tonnes of industrial waste enters the bay each day
. There have been oil spills from the Petrobas oil refinery

Question 30

Solutions to water pollution

Answer 30

. 12 new sewage works have been built since 2004 at a cost of US $68 million
. Ships are fined for discharging fuel into the bay illegally

Question 31

Waste pollution in Rio

Answer 31

Favelas are built on steep slopes with few proper roads. This makes waste collection lorries difficult to operate. Waste is dumped and pollutes the water system. Causing disease and encouraging rats.

Question 32

Challenges of construction in squatter sttlemetns

Answer 32

Houses poorly constructed as they were built illegally
favelas are built on steep slopes and heavy rainfall can cause landslides
Limited road access due to the steepness of slopes

Question 33

Challenges of services in squatter settlements

Answer 33

Many homes use illegal connections to electricity pylons
12% of homes don’t have running water, over 30% have no electricity and 50% have no sewage connections

Question 34

Challenges of unemployment in squatter settlements

Answer 34

Unemployment rates are as high as 20%
Average incomes may be less than £75 a month

Question 35

Challenges of crime in squatter settlements

Answer 35

High murder rate of 20 per 1000 people in many favelas
Drug gangs dominate many favelas

Question 36

Challenges of health in squatter settlements

Answer 36

High population densities of 37000 per km squared
Infant mortality rates are as high as 50 per 1000

Question 37

Where are the favelas in Brazil

Answer 37

60% in the suburbs
22% of Rio’s population live in favelas

Question 38

Favela Bairro project 1

Answer 38

Installation of a cable car system across the complexo de Alemão hillsides - inhabitants are given one free return ticket a day
100 per cent mortgages available allowing people to buy their homes
Pacifying police unit set up, to help reduce crime

Question 39

Favela Bairro project 2

Answer 39

Access to water supply and drainage system for improved sanitation
Building of new health, leisure and education facilities

Question 40

Problems of Favela Bairro Project

Answer 40

. The budget of Us $1 billion may not cover every favela
. Newly built infrastructure may not be maintained
. Residents may lack the skills and resources to make repairs
. More training is needed to improve literacy and employment