Bristol Flashcards
How is the population distributed in the UK
82% are living in urban areas
Where are the cities in the UK disitrbuted
Most densely populate areas reflect its industrial past. Shaped by the industrial revolution in the 18th century.
factors affecting distribution in the Uk
General drift towards South East England and London
Migration to the Uk has been greater than outward migration. Immigrants settle in larger cities where there are more job opportunities
Movement from urban to rural areas. Many people choosing to retire to live on the coast or in the country.
What makes Bristol a major UK city
It is the largest city in the South West of England. Population of 440500.
Bristol’s major UK city: education, tourism, religion and culture and entertainment and industry
Education: two universities
Industry: the largest concentration of silicon chips manufactured outside of California
Tourism: the UK’s eight most popular city for foreign visitors
Religion: a mix including mosques and synagogues, Christianity is represented by two cathedrals
Culture and entertainment: several theatres and music venues, including the famous Bristol Old Vic theatre.
Causes of growth and development in Bristol
. It golds a strategic position on the M4 corridor, with good road and rail links, easy access to London and rail and ferry services to Europe
.Bristol airport links the city to major European centres and the USA
.Change from dependence on traditional industry like tobacco and paper, to the development of global industries such as financial and business services, including aerospace
.High levels of FDI in manufacturing and high-tech businesses
.Bristol University attracts students from all over the world, producing graduates who often go into professional , managerial and knowledge based jobs
What change has happened to Bristol’s population
In recent years migration from abroad has accounted for half of Bristol’s population growth.
Impacts of migration in Bristol
.pressures on housing and employment
.Improving the level of skills where there are shortages
.Enriching the city’s cultural life
.The need to provide education for children whose first language is not English
What is St Paul’s carnival
It’s aim to help improve relations between the European, African, Caribbean and Asian communities.
How is Bristol Changing
Rapid population growth
Population is becoming ethnically more diverse
More people in Bristol under 16 than of pensionable age
Over 2 million people live within 50km of the city
Its network of motorway, road, rail and air connections has made it more accessible
Electrification of the rail line to London will reduce the journey time to just 70 minutes
Opportunities of change in Bristol (recreation and entertainment)
Cabot Circus (new shopping development £500 million) & Bristol Rovers (football club)
Increased tourism
Lots of job creation in retail
Reduced crime in Bristol because areas will be much more safer as they are monitored due to the new stadiums and shopping centres
Costs of change in Bristol (recreation and entertainment)
May lead to a decline in income for local shops as people prefer to go to well established restaurants.
Opportunities of change in Bristol (employment)
Lots of high tech companies have moved into Bristol
Increased migration into Bristol because of the well paying jobs
Invites more people to go to university in Bristol because of the close links Increased skill of workforce.
Costs of change in Bristol (employment)
People who are not as skilled may struggle to find well paying jobs
Opportunities of change in Bristol (urban greening)
More than 1/3rd of Bristol is open space. Motorway has been turned into green space.
Decrease in pollution
Decrease in air pollution. Increase in QOL
People are encouraged to exercise because of the green spaces
27% of the city to be part of a wildlife network
Costs of change in Bristol (urban greening)
Furthermore, house prices increase because they are less houses because of the amount of green spaces
Houses may have to be built very close together decreasing the size of the houses
What global technologies are in Bristol
Toshiba and Huawei
Changes to Bristol’s environment
Transport improvements
Improved energy efficiency
Development of renewable energy
Changes to Bristol’s environment
Improve energy efficiency reduce - energy use by 30 percent and CO2 emissions by 40% by 2020
Reduce water pollution by improved monitoring and maintenance
Increase the use of brownfield sites for new businesses and housing
Integrated transports system for Bristol
Second most congested city in the Uk
The integrated transport systems link together different forms of transport within the city and the surrounding areas. Development of the ITS will improve accessibility to and within the city. Reducing congestion and transport costs.
Encouraging people to switch from cars to public transport. More sustainable use.
Derelict buildings
WW2: 3000 demolished and 1800 damaged
This causes squatters graffiti and violence
Royal mail sorting office (2.1Ha) empty.
Property nearby devalued by 18% due to bombed St Peter’s church.
Many of the derelict building are found in the inner city
Solutions to derelict buildings
AEO converts empty office building into affordable housing
2006-13: 94% of new buildings on brownfield sites
Waste disposal in Bristol
1/2 a million tonnes of waste per year
1600-1800 tonnes of cardboard waste and food waste by schools
Increased business waste from cabot circus and Filwood green park
20% of food waste goes to landfill
Solutions of waste disposal in Bristol
Increased recycling to 50%
23% less waste per person than UK average
Poo bus (run on bio methane gas from sewage)
Furniture renovated and resold
Specialised kerbside bins reducing waste per houshe-hold by 15%
Avonmouth waste plant provides 25,000 homes with electricity
Air pollution in Bristol
most congested city in England
Bus routes more polluted 200 people a year die from air pollution
Pollution from industrial areas are blown over cities
Solutions to air pollution in Bristol
Reducing speed limits in residential areas and motorways
New walking and cycling routes
Electric car charging program smartphone app with information about the integrated transport system
Social inequality in Bristol Stoke Bishop
< 300 crimes a year
Attractive modern houses
< 2 percent overcrowded
Less than 3% in poverty
Life expectancy is (4 years greater than in Bristol)
2% of the population are unemployed
Social inequality in Filwood
Over 1/3rd of the population are unemployed or have never worked
Overcrowded council houses
Low life expectancy (-3 years from Bristol’s)
Poor access to services
1300 crimes per year
What’s being done to reduce inequality in Bristol
150 new homes (30% affordable) built to a igh standard
Charity provides 3 week english courses for non-native english speakers
The park- community centre with gym, creche and more built
What is the Bristol and Bath green belt
Was set up to prevent urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe and the merging of the cities of Bath and Bristol.
South Gloucestershire
Building of the new town of Bradley Stoke, built in the late 1980s. New development of 1200 homes has been built on land at Harry Stoke.
Bristol Harbourside
Bristol’s dockland declined when cargo ships become too large to pass through. The closure of several industries around Bristol docks left several building empty and unused. Industrial buildings repurposed for housing.
Benefits of Bristol Harbourside
A very run down part of the city has been redeveloped
Several listed buildings have been preserved
Advantages of building on brownfield sites
Existing infrastructure
Doesn’t use green space
easier to gain planning permissions
Closer to CBD reduces the journey time
Advantages of building on greenfield sites
Increased space close to motorways
Blank canvas
Disadvantages of building on brownfield sites
Expensive to remove old foundations
Can be restricted in development
inner city houses increasing price due to redevelopment
Disadvantages of building on greenfield sites
Have to build new drainage road etc
Visual pollution
Loss of biodiversity
Temple Gate’s new transport system
More cycle paths and pathways
Increased safety and decreased congestion and decreased air pollution
Road layout changed
Increased accessibility and allowing people to commute in and avoid high prices
Brunel’s engine shed
Use of brownfield sites, no impact on the environment
Economics benefits because of high tech companies moving in
Complements new campus
New Uni campus
Brownfield sites used
Big tech companies want to move in due to the increased skill of the population
Economic benefits
1500 accommodation has been built reducing commuting in. Increasing air quality decreasing congestion.
Temple gateways
Eco friendly streets and space
Increased local biodiversity
Increased safety because of regeneration
Increases views
Designs connected with local ecology
Enterprise zones
Range of incentives such as low corporation tax encouraging local growth and increased job variety
Aim 22,000 jobs in 25 years all business taxes reinvested.
What is Brunel’s engine shed and the temple gate scheme
Temple Meads is Bristol’s main railway station and the Temple Gate area is the first part of the city visitors and commuters reach. Changes made to the road network to improve accessibility.
£1.7 million innovation centre is being developed this is called Brunel’s engine shed. This is home to many high tech creative and low carbon sector companies.
