Rio de Janeiro

Question 1

What is Rio de Janeiro our case study of?

Answer 1

A major city in an NEE.

Question 2

Describe the location of Rio De Janeiro.

Answer 2

Rio is located on the eastern coast South America, just above the tropic of Capricorn.

It has grown up around a large natural bay in the country of Brazil called Guanabara Bay (located 23°S and 43°W), which meets the Atlantic ocean.

Question 3

Importance of Rio de Janeiro globally.

Answer 3

-Rio is a central international transport hub with three airports and five ports.

-Tourism

-Important culture

-It’s also is an international centre for finance and industry (with many banking and insurance companies located here)

Question 4

What nation does Rio belong to?

Answer 4

Brazil

Question 5

Importance of Rio de Janeiro nationally.

(first 4 points)

Answer 5

-Was the capital of Brazil until 1960 and still is culturally

-The city is the second most important area for industry in the country after Sao Paulo, producing 5% of Brazil’s gross domestic product (GDP)

-Manufacturing industries produce a variety of products from pharmaceuticals to clothing

-The port of Rio de Janeiro is essential in the export of sugar, iron ore, and coffee produced in the country

Question 6

Why is Rio de Janeiro no longer the capital of Brazil?

Answer 6

In an attempt to encourage economic growth in central Brazil and reduce the concentration of power on the coast, the city Brasilia was created by the government, developed specially to be the capital.

Question 7

Importance of Rio de Janeiro regionally

Answer 7

-Provides schools, hospitals, and universities with opportunities for employment, leisure, and recreation.

-A hub for art and culture.

-An important transport hub, with its international airport and docks (particularly from Guanabana bay) enabling trade.

Question 8

Importance of Rio de Janeiro nationally

(other 3 points)

Answer 8

-The headquarters of many of Brazil’s most important companies are located here, for example mining, oil and telecommunications companies.

-Brazil’s major entertainment and media organisations are located in Rio

-It’s an essential centre for research due to the universities and research labs located in the city.

Question 9

Population of Rio de Janeiro

Answer 9

≈14 million including all metropolitan areas.

Question 10

Which of the seven wonders of the world is located in Rio?

Answer 10

Christ the Redeemer (statue).

Question 11

Rio de Janeiro - Culture

Answer 11

-Hosted the 2014 world cup and the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic games

-The Rio carnival (one of the biggest music and dance festivals in the world) happens annually

Question 12

Rio de Janeiro - Tourism

Answer 12

Rio is a tourist attraction due to the stunning physical geography.

This includes landmarks like sugarloaf mountain and Guanabana bay…

…And white sand beaches like Copacabana (in the South zone, the main tourist area in Rio and the wealthiest district in South America).

The Christ the Redeemer statue is one of the seven wonders of the world, receiving around 2 million visitors a year.

The ‘centro’ homes many historical buildings to explore

Question 13

Briefly outline why Rio de Janeiro has become a global city.

Answer 13

Rio has become a global city due to its importance in the global economy as an industrial and financial centre, housing many important companies and industries.

It is an important international hub, with 3 ports and 5 airports.

Question 14

What has caused the City of Rio de Janeiro to grow?

Answer 14

-Rural to urban migration

-Natural increase

Question 15

How much has Rio de Janeiro grown?

Answer 15

Rio has grown rapidly in the past 50 years to become the second largest city in Brazil after Sao Paulo and a major industrial, commercial, administrative, and tourist centre.

Between 1960 and 2000, the population of Rio de Janeiro increased by 115.3%.

Question 16

Over the past 150 years, migration has been responsible for what percentage of Rio’s population growth?

Answer 16

65%

Question 17

International migration for economic opportunities.

Answer 17

There are many economic opportunities in Rio, since it has become a major centre for important industries and companies.

For example, the headquarters of Petrobras and CVBB (Brazil’s largest oil and mining companies) are situated in a financial centre here.

This means that it attracts migrants from abroad (most notably South Korea and China), who wish to earn higher and improve their quality of life.

Brazil’s industry has also attracted skilled workers from western countries such as the USA and the UK.

Question 18

International migration for political and cultural reasons.

Answer 18

The common language in Rio de Janeiro is Portuguese. This means that the city still attracts migrants from Portugal, Brazil’s former colonial power (late 1800s).

In countries like Syria and Lebanon, there is political and economic instability. This means that people flee to countries like Brazil for safety. Brazil has quietly accepted more Syrian refugees than any other country in Latin America since Syria’s civil war.

Question 19

2/3 of the city’s population increase is due to what?

Answer 19

International migration to Rio’s favelas.

Question 20

National/regional migration.

Answer 20

People from other regions of South America are also attracted to Rio because of the economic opportunities available, like working for major industries or businesses.

This means that many have migrated nationally from areas such as the Amazon Basin, and Argentina in order to earn higher and improve their quality of life.

Furthermore, the living conditions in many other areas of Brazil are poor. This means that many migrate to Rio de Janeiro for access to better sanitation systems, reducing the risk of sickness and increasing their life expectancy.

Question 21

Talk about…

Answer 21

…the other push/pull factors you’ve learnt e.g. for access to better healthcare.

Question 22

How is natural increase causing Rio de Janeiro to grow?

Answer 22

It tends to be the younger generations that migrate to Rio for economic opportunities, which leads to a high fertility rate in the city.

There are also better quality healthcare services in the city than in rural areas of Brazil. This means that there is less risk of people dying, which means that life expectancy is longer. Infant mortality is lower here.

So, there is a higher birth rate than death rate in Rio de Janeiro leading to a ‘natural increase’ in the population. The city is therefore growing.

Question 23

Social opportunities in Rio de Janeiro - Healthcare.

Answer 23

Healthcare provisions, such as health care centres and hospitals, are significantly better in Rio than in rural areas.

This means that vulnerable people (such as children and the elderly) have better access to emergency care and vaccinations.

Which means that infant mortality is lower and life expectancy is higher.

Question 24

Social opportunities in Rio de Janeiro - Education

Answer 24

In Rio, the local authorities have invested in the education system, for example by giving school grants to poor families and making money available to pay for extracurricular activities like sports.

This means that education is accessible to the less wealthy, which increases children’s likelihood of completing education.

This investment has enabled 95% of children aged 10 and above to be literate in Rio, considerably higher than the national average. ,

This increases children’s employability, leading to a good income and quality of life.

The city also has several universities that provide higher education opportunities.

Question 25

When talking about social opportunities in Rio de Janeiro…

Answer 25

…USE YOUR PULL FACTORS!

Question 26

Social opportunities in Rio de Janeiro - Water supply

Answer 26

Rio hosted the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics (major sporting events with many visiting spectators).

This encouraged the authorities to improve access to clean water, particularly in the favelas and in the Olympic Park…

…which meant that by 2014, 95% of Rio’s population had access to a mains water supply (a source of clean water).

Question 27

Social opportunities in Rio de Janeiro - Energy

Answer 27

Although the city is subject to power cuts, the energy supply is more reliable than in rural areas where lighting and power are not always available.

This means that residents don’t need to tap into the power supply illegally (like many in poorer areas of Brazil), which reduces the risk of fires.