Richard and Susan's Model of stress

Question 1

What is the transactional model of stress and coping?

Answer 1

A model that suggests a stress response is only elicited if an event exceeds ability to cope & based on appraisal of the situation

Question 2

What does the TMS&C (transactional model of stress and coping) propose of stress?

Answer 2

That stress is a subjective transition between incoming stressor and personal & environmental factors specific to an individual

Question 3

What is primary appraisal?

Answer 3

The initial process of evaluating the nature of incoming stressors, specifically the kind of stress it might cause

Question 4

what does Substage 1 of primary appraisal include?

Answer 4

Includes the individual deciding whether or not the incoming stimulus/stressor will cause stress

Question 5

What are the 3 ways a stressor can be appraised? (SUB1)

Answer 5

Benign-positive : Initial appraisal of stimulus as neutral or good that does not cause stress for the individual

Irrelevant : Initial appraisal of stimulus is a non-issue

Stressful : Initial appraisal of stimulus is source of stress or emotional significance for the individual; transaction can only continue if initial component is stressful

Question 6

What does the substage 2 of primary appraisal include?

Answer 6

Stimulus (now stressor) undergoes further appraisal & is labelled according to form of stress it causes

Question 7

What are the 3 forms of stress appraisal? (SUB2)

Answer 7

Harm/loss : Stressor causes a form of dammage to the individual; meaning the individual already experienced direct distress from the stressor

Threat : Stressor potentially causing dammage to the individual

Challenge : Stressor potentially providing a positive opportunity for growth or change for the individual

Question 8

what is Secondary appraisal?

Answer 8

Evaluating the resources required and available to cope with stressor

Question 9

What is emotional-focused coping?

Answer 9

Use of coping strategies that target the emotional components of a stressor, dealing with it indirectly rather than confronting its source

Question 10

What is problem-focused coping?

Answer 10

Use of coping strategies that directly target the source of the stressor, aiming to reduce in a practical way

Question 11

What does explanatory power do?

Answer 11

explains stress as psychological process and acknowledges the role cognitive processes in stress and how we cope with it, does not account for any external factors that may influence a persons stress response