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kinesiology > rib cage and ventilation > Flashcards

rib cage and ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

label joints and ligaments

A
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2
Q

rib joints

what is the axis of rotation for the upper ribs (1-6). what motion are the ribs biased towards?

A

coronal axis - motion is biased toward sagittal plane

think pump handle

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3
Q

rib joints

what is the axis of rotation for the lower ribs (7-10)? what direction is motion biased towards?

A

A-P axis - motion is biased towards frontal plane

think bucket handle

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4
Q

joints - costovertebral joints

the ribs has a ________ rotation along axis of rotation through costovertebral joints

at lower ribs

A

posterior

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5
Q

joints - costovertebreal joints

sight thoracic extension can be obsered during what type of respiration?

at lower ribs

A

forced inspiraton

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6
Q

joints- costovertebral

what does cartilage store at sternocostal joints?

at lower ribs

A

energy!

potential energy waiting to be converted into kinetic energy

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7
Q

joints -costovertebral

angulation of upper ribs creates slightly more elevation in what direction?

at upper ribs

A

anterior

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8
Q

the rib cage acts in a closed kinetic chain motion - exception is which ribs?

A

11 and 12 - have an OKC movement

*these ribs are not storing potential energy

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9
Q

joints - thoracic spine

ribs 11 and 12 operate in what type of motion?

A

caliper motion
- lateral (inhalation)
- medial (exhalation)

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10
Q

muscles

quiet expiration is a passive mechanism and volume change is due to?

A

elastic recoil of muscles

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11
Q

muscles

what muscles are involved in quiet expiraton?

A

none - passive mechanism

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12
Q

muscles

what muscles are involved in forced expiration?

A

abdominal muscles (primary)
- rectus abdominis
- obliquus externus abdominis
- olbiquus internus abdominis
- transversus abdominis (pulls ribs down and together)
transversus thoracic
internal intercostals

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13
Q

muscles

what costal muscles is involved in forced expiration?

A

internal interocstals - interosseous fibers

internal for expration!!

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14
Q

muscles

what muscles are involved in quiet inspration?

A

diaphragm (primary)
scalenes (from superior aspect ribs 1-2)
intercostals
- external intercostals : major role
- internal intercostals- parasternal fibers: lesser role

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15
Q

muscles

what muscles are invovled in forced inspiration?

A

accessory muscles
- serratus posterior S & I
- levator costarum
- SCM
- latissimus dorsi
- erector spinae
- pec major and minor
- quadratus lumborm

*abdominals muscles indirectly assist

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16
Q

muscles

how does the latissimus dorsi aide in respiration?

A

if arms dont move - they will pull at thoracolumar fascia, moving into extension creating space between ribs for breathing

17
Q

muscles

how do the pec major and minor play a role in forced inspiration?

A

pull ribs superolateral

18
Q

muscles

how does the QL play a role in forced inspiration?

A

bilaterally: extension at lumbar
unilaterally: pull on 12th rib inferiorly

19
Q

what is boyles law?

A

pulling up increases the voume and decreases the pressure
pushing down decreases the volume and increases the pressure

20
Q

what are the steps of inspration inregard to boyles law

A
  • increased intrathoracic volume due to muscle contraction
  • pressure in interpleural space (already negative) is further reduced causing lung expansion
  • lung expansion then reduces alveolar pressure below atmospheric pressure
    (wants to find quialibrium so draws air in )
21
Q

what are the steps of expiration in regards to boyles law

A
  • muscles relax after inspiration
  • intrathoracic volume decreases by elastic recoil of muscles
  • forces expiration requires muscle contraction of expiratory muscles
22
Q

ventilation- defintions

total lung capacity

its a #

A

5.5-6 L

23
Q

ventilation- defintions

vital capacity

A

max amount of air exhaled after max inspiration

24
Q

ventilation- defintions

tidal volume

A

amount of air moved during each breathing cycle (at rest 0.5 L)

25
Q

ventilation- defintions

inspiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that can be inspired after an inhalation at rest *beyond tidal volume

26
Q

ventilation- defintions

expiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that can be exhaled after an exhalation at rest (tidal vol increases, ERV decreases)

27
Q

ventilation- defintions

residual volume

A

airthat just sits in lungs - not usable air

*think about raisin lung anology

28
Q

activity :P

Draw lung volume/time ventilation chart

A
29
Q

clinical considerations

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

decreased elastic recoil of lungs = decreased airflow of lungs
*primarily inability to exhale sufficiently

30
Q

clinical considerations

what remains in lungs with COPD?

A

air after exhalation (hyperinflation of the lungs)

31
Q

clincial considerations

what anatomical consideration is noted in those with COPD?

A

barrel chest (A/P direction)

32
Q

what clnical considerations should be noted that decrease inspiratory reserve?

A

posture, scoliosis, hyper kyphosis,
sitting position

33
Q

clinical considerations

pectus carinatum

A

sternum sticks out - decreased ventilation

34
Q

clinical considerations

pectus excavatum

A

hollowed (concaved) sternum - decreased ventilation

35
Q

What effect does COPD have on the biomechanics of the thorax and the inspiratory muscles

A

Within the lungs, the increased air does not allow the diaphragm to return to its usual high domed shape and location so that there is a flattening of the diaphragm at rest. The fibers of the diaphragm remain shortened even after exhalation, decreasing the available range of contraction. The angle of pull of the flattened diaphragm fibers becomes more horizontal with a decreased zone of apposition. In severe cases of hyperinflation, the fibers of the diaphragm are aligned more horizontally than vertically. Contraction of this very flattened diaphragm will pull the lower rib cage inward, actually working against lung inflation. SCM is put into a shortened position making them much less efficient.

kinesiology (8 decks)

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