Rhinosinusitis (common cold/coryza) Flashcards
Rhinosinusitis, also referred to as sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. What is the estimated incidence of acute Rhinosinusitis?
1 - 2.5 cases per 100,000
2 - 25 cases per 100,000
3 - 250 cases per 100,000
4 - 2500 cases per 100,000
4 - 2500 cases per 100,000
Rhinosinusitis, also referred to as sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. What age does acute Rhinosinusitis peak at?
1 - 10-20
2 - 20-30
3 - 40-50
4 - >75
3 - 40-50
Is Rhinosinusitis more common in men or women?
- equal in both
How long does acute Rhinosinusitis typically last for?
1 - 24h
2 - 7 days
3 - 2 weeks
4 - 4 weeks
4 - 4 weeks
How long does sub-acute Rhinosinusitis typically last for?
1 - 7 days
2 - 2 weeks
3 - 1 month
4 - 1-3 months
4 - 1-3 months
How long does chronic Rhinosinusitis typically last for?
1 - >4 weeks
2 - >2 months
3 - >4 months
4 - >6 months
3 - >4 months
All of the following are paranasal sinuses that help amplify your voice, if blocked your voice sound changes. Which of the following are above the eyes?
1 - frontal sinuses
2 - ethmoidal sinuses
3 - sphenoidal sinuses
4 - maxillary sinuses
1 - frontal sinuses
All of the following are paranasal sinuses that help amplify your voice, if blocked your voice sound changes. Which of the following are below the eyes?
1 - frontal sinuses
2 - ethmoidal sinuses
3 - sphenoidal sinuses
4 - maxillary sinuses
4 - maxillary sinuses
All of the following are paranasal sinuses that help amplify your voice, if blocked your voice sound changes. Which of the following are behind the eyes?
1 - frontal sinuses
2 - ethmoidal sinuses
3 - sphenoidal sinuses
4 - maxillary sinuses
2 - ethmoidal sinuses
All of the following are paranasal sinuses that help amplify your voice, if blocked your voice sound changes.Which of the following are above the pharynx and infront of the ears?
1 - frontal sinuses
2 - ethmoidal sinuses
3 - sphenoidal sinuses
4 - maxillary sinuses
3 - sphenoidal sinuses
The nasal cavity is lined by hairs that are lined by mucus. Which of the following is not a characteristic of mucus?
1 - salty
2 - sticky
3 - lysozyme containing
4 - macrophage containing
4 - macrophage containing
- lysozyme are enzymes able to degrade pathogens
- mucus collects dust, pollen and pathogens
Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?
1 - echo our voice
2 - goblet cells that produce mucus to trap pathogens and foreign particles
3 - circulate, moisten and warm air
4 - columnar cells with cilia that can move mucus and foreign bodies
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
The most common cause of Rhinosinusitis is an infection. Which of the following viruses can cause Rhinosinusitis?
1 - Influenzae virus
2 - Rhinoviruses
3 - Parainfluenza virus
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
all are viral
- Rhinoviruses = common cold
- Parainfluenza virus = common cold
- Haemophilus influenzae = flu
Which bacteria commonly lead to Rhinosinusitis?
1 - Streptococcus pneumoniae
2 - Haemophilus influenzae
3 - Moraxella catarrhalis
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
Allergic rhinitis is an IgE inflammatory disorder of the nose caused by sensitisation of nasal mucosa to allergens. What symptoms can this present with?
1 - sneezing
2 - nasal itching
3 - discharge/congestion
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
Allergic rhinitis is an IgE inflammatory disorder of the nose caused by sensitisation of nasal mucosa to allergens. Which of the following is NOT typically a complication of allergic rhinitis?
1 - impaired school performance
2 - disturbed sleep
3 - cystic fibrosis
4 - asthma
5 - sinusitis and nasal polyps
3 - cystic fibrosis
Are paranasal sinuses typically sterile or non-sterile?
- sterile
Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factors to Rhinosinusitis?
1 - nasal obstruction (septal deviation or nasal polyps)
2 - recent local infection (rhinitis or dental extraction)
3 - swimming/diving
4 - COPD
5 - smoking
4 - COPD
In acute Rhinosinusitis there is a foreign body that causes an inflammatory response. Goblet cells increase mucus production leading to congestion and immune cells attack foreign body forming pus. Which of the following is NOT a component of this pus?
1 - immune cells
2 - dead tissue
3 - blood
4 - foreign body
3 - blood
In some patients with Rhinosinusitis, this can become chronic and progress into chronic hyperplastic Rhinosinusitis, which leads to what?
1 - connective tissue in paranasal sinuses proliferate quicker than usual forming polyps
2 - connective tissue proliferates and becomes malignant
3 - paranasal sinuses collapse on themselves
4 - connective tissue proliferates leading to increased sign of paranasal sinuses
1 - connective tissue in paranasal sinuses proliferate quicker than usual forming polyps
Are the polyps that can form in chronic hyperplastic Rhinosinusitis cancerous or benign?
- benign
Which of the following is NOT a clinical symptom of Rhinosinusitis?
1 - facial pain, typically frontal and worse when leaning forward
2 - blurred vision
3 - pressure in the face
4 - headaches
5 - change in voice, smell and taste
6 - cough when lying down
2 - blurred vision
All are typically caused by excessive mucus
Diagnosis of Rhinosinusitis is typically clinical, but which 2 of the following can be useful for diagnosis?
1 - head CT
2 - raised ESR and CRP
3 - rhinoscopy
4 - X-ray
1 - head CT
3 - rhinoscopy
When treating Rhinosinusitis, including allergic rhinitis, all of the following should be used EXCEPT which one?
1 - analgesia
2 - intranasal decongestants or nasal saline
3 - oral antivirals
4 - corticosteroids if symptoms >10 days (given nasally or orally)
5 - oral antibiotics
6 - avoid allergens where possible
3 - oral antivirals
Oral antibiotics can be used in high risk populations
Surgery to open airways and sinuses may also be useful
