Ear and Auditory Pathway Flashcards
The ear can be divided into 3 parts, what are they called?
1 - external, middle and inner ear
2 - external, superior and inner ear
3 - lateral, middle and inner ear
4 - lateral, middle and medial ear
1 - external, middle and inner ear
The ear can be divided into 2 parts, the external, middle and inner ear. The external ear has 2 main parts, using the 2 labels below, label numbers 1 and 2:
- Pinna (auricle)
- External auditory meatus/canal
1 - Pinna (auricle)
The pinna is the whole outer ear, but can be dividied into smaller parts
2 - External auditory meatus/canal
The ear can be divided into 3 parts, the external, middle and inner ear. The middle ear has 4 main parts, using the labels below label numbers 1-4?
- Eustachian tube
- Tympanic membrane
- Mastoid cells
- Ossicles
1 - Tympanic membrane
2 - Ossicles
3 - Mastoid cells
4 - Eustachian tube
The ear can be divided into 3 parts, the external, middle and inner ear. The internal ear has 2 main parts, label them on the image below:
1 - Cochlea
2 - Vestibular apparatus
The ear is closely related to which bone of the cranium?
1 - frontal bone
2 - occipital bone
3 - zygomatic bone
4 - temporal bone
4 - temporal bone
- petrous part of temporal bone is important as it houses inner and middle cavities
- also has mastoid air cells
The outer ear is composed of the Auricle / pinna, Auditory Canal and Tympanic membrane. Which of the following is NOT a function of the external ear?
1 - collects sound waves
2 - auditory canal transmits sounds
3 - transmits information to brain about movement
4 - sounds converted into vibrations at tympanic membrane
3 - transmits information to brain about movement
The pinna is composed of cartilage and has 4 major regions, using the labels below, label numbers 1-4:
- tragus
- helix
- lobule
- antihelix
1 - helix
2 - antihelix
3 - tragus
4 - lobule
The auditory canal is the second part of the external ear. The first 1/3 is composed of cartilage and inner 2/3 are composed of bone. It is also covered by skin and hair, but also possess a specific gland. What are these glands called and what is their function?
1 - ceruminous glands that secrete mucus
2 - ceruminous glands that secrete ear wax
3 - ceruminous glands that secrete hair
4 - ceruminous glands that secrete WBCs
2 - ceruminous glands that secrete ear wax
There are 3 tiny bones in the middle ear, called the ossicles. Label these 3 bones in the image below using the labels below:
- stapes (latin for stirrup as it looks like one)
- malleus (latin for hammer as it resembles one)
- incus (anvil in latin as it resembles one)
1 = malleus (latin for hammer as it resembles one)
2 = incus (anvil in latin as it resembles one)
3 = stapes (latin for stirrup as it looks like one) SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY
There are 3 tiny bones in the middle ear, called the ossicles. The mnemonic MIS can be used to remember there order and names from external to internal. What are the 3 bones called?
M = Malleus (latin for hammer as it resembles one) I = Incus (anvil in latin as it resembles one) S = Stapes (latin for stirrup as it looks like one) SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY
The middle ear contains the ossicles. What is this space surrounding this area filled with and what skull bone is this space within?
1 - filled with air inside the temporal bone
2 - filled with ear wax inside the temporal bone
3 - filled with mucus inside the temporal bone
4 - filled with hair inside the temporal bone
1 - filled with air inside the temporal bone
The middle ear contains the ossicles. This is a space filled with air within the temporal bone. Which of the following does the middle ear NOT communicate with?
1 - maxillary sinus
2 - inner ear (oval window) and cochlea
3 - nasopharynx via eustachian tube
4 - mastoid process (contains mastoid air cells)
1 - maxillary sinus
The mastoid air cells are located within the mastoid process of the temporal bone in the posterior region of the middle ear. Which of the following is NOT a potential function of the mastoid air cells?
1 - protect the delicate structures of the ear
2 - regulate ear pressure
3 - produce sebum to lubricate the ear
4 - protect the temporal bone during trauma
3 - produce sebum to lubricate the ear
If the ear becomes infected and this infection cannot be contained within the ear, there is a chance this infection could spread to the posterior region of the middle ear called the mastoid air cells. What is this called?
1 - meningitis
2 - mastoiditis
3 - otitis externa
4 - otitis media
2 - mastoiditis
Infection and inflamation of mastoid air cells and bone
Infection can spread to brain and cause meningitis
There are 2 muscles in the middle ear, what are they called?
1 - tympani and obturator
2 - stapedius and obturator
3 - gracillus and stapedius
4 - stapedius and tympani
4 - stapedius and tympani
- tympani innervated by tympani nerve (CN V, mandibular branch) moves tympanic membrane
- stapedius - innervated by the facial nerve and moves the stapes bone
These muscles protect the ear from loud noises by contracting
There are 2 muscles in the middle ear, called the tympani and the stapedius. These muscles protect the ear from loud noises by contracting in response to loud noise. This contraction inhibits the vibrations of the malleus, incus and stapes and reduces transmission to the inner ear. What is this reflex called?
1 - stretch reflex
2 - clasp knife reflex
3 - golgi tendon reflex
4 - acoustic reflex
4 - acoustic reflex
The stapes bone transmits vibrations through what into the inner ear?
1 - foreman ovale
2 - square window
3 - oval window
4 - magnum foreman
3 - oval window
The eustachian tube is considered part of the middle ear and connects the middle ear and the nasopharynx. It has 2 main function. One of these is to remain closed and ensure infection does not move from the nasopharynx into the middle ear. What is its second function?
1 - stops fluid from draining in middle ear to ensure it remains sterile
2 - equalises air pressure in the middle ear
3 - enhances vibrations in middle ear
4 - filled with lymph fluid to drain fluid from middle ear
2 - equalises air pressure in the middle ear
- equalises air in the middle ear due to external pressure changes, such as during flying or diving.
- during a flight air pressure in the outer ear increases,
- middle ear pressure forces tympanic membrane to bulge
- the eustachian tube opens, letting air out of the middle ear to equalise the pressure
- can work in reverse if outer ear pressure is higher
The 3 ossicles (malleus, incus and staple) are held together by what type of joint?
1 - suture
2 - cartilaginous joint
3 - synovial joints
4 - sesamoid joint
2 - synovial joints