Rhinitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the core symptoms of nasal disease?

A

Congestion, discharge, anosmia, facial pain

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2
Q

What kind of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic rhinitis and what are the key mediators?

A

Type 1; IgE and mast cells (histamine and leukotrienes)

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3
Q

What are the two main aetiologies of rhinitis?

A

Infective and non-infective

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4
Q

What are the two main categories of allergic rhinitis?

A

Perennial and seasonal

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5
Q

What are the mainstays of treatment in allergic rhinitis?

A

Oral antihistamines and topical steroids

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6
Q

What investigations are useful in allergic rhinitis?

A

RAST, skin prick tests

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7
Q

Why should unilateral nasal polyps always be referred to ENT?

A

May be underlying malignancy

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8
Q

What is the mainstay of treatment of nasal polyps?

A

Topical corticosteroid drops

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9
Q

What are the two main symptoms of nasal polyps?

A

Nasal obstruction and rhinorrheoa

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10
Q

What is vasomotor rhinitis caused by?

A

Autonomic imbalance- parasympathetic dominates

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11
Q

What are the main symptoms of rhinosinusitis?

A

Facial pain, nasal blockage, discharge

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12
Q

What is rhinosinusitis caused by?

A

Usually post-viral (rhinovirus) with secondary bacterial infection

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13
Q

What are the common causes of bacterial sinusitis??

A

H. influenziae, strep pneumonia

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14
Q

What are the potential complications?

A

Orbital cellulitis, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, chronic infection, brain abscess, osteomyelitis

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15
Q

When should antibiotics be used in sinusitis? What is the Tayside recommendation?

A

Severe or deteriorating cases >7-10 days duration. Penicillin is first-line

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16
Q

How should sinusitis initially be treated?

A

Decongestants, analgesia

17
Q

What other possible causes of rhinitis are there?

A

Foreign body particularly in children; trauma; malignancy