Exam Flashcards
What is the most common bacterial cause of sore throat?
Strep pyogenes
What are the potential acute and long-term complications of strep throat?
Acute: peritonsillar abscess (quinsy), sinusitis, otitis media, scarlet fever.
Late: rheumatic fever (3 weeks post infection), glomerulonephritis (1-3 weeks post op)
How does diphtheria present?
Severe sore throat, lymphadenopathy, grey/white membrane across the pharynx
How is diphtheria treated?
Antitoxin+ penicillin/erythromycin
Which bacteria are often implicated in acute otitis media?
H. influenzae
Strep pneumoniae
Strep pyogenes
How is acute otitis media treated?
Most resolve without antibiotics. If perforation/otorrheoa- amoxicillin 1st line 7 days, 2nd line doxycycline
When should antibiotics be used in sinusitis and what is first-line?
Deteriorating cases of 7-10 days duration
Penicillin
How is oral thrush treated?
Nystatin
What is the classic triad of symptoms in mono?
Pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, fever
What other signs/symptoms may be seen in mono?
Palatal petechiae
Jaundice
Splenomegaly
Which lab tests can be used to confirm mono?
Blood film- atypical lymphocytes, lymphocytosis.
Heterophil antibody tests
EBV IgM
Which lab tests can be used to confirm mono?
Blood film- atypical lymphocytes, lymphocytosis.
Heterophil antibody tests
EBV IgM
How does primary gingivostomatitis present and what is the cause?
In childhood-systemic upset, lesions on buccal mucosa and lips
Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)
Coxsackie enterovirus causes which ENT infections?
Hand foot and mouth
Herpangina
Coxsackie enterovirus causes which ENT infections?
Hand foot and mouth
Herpangina
What is a cholesteatoma?
Squamous epithelium trapped in the skull base
What signs/symptoms are often seen in acute otitis media?
Otalgia
Bulging tympanic membrane
Otorrheoa
Why is epiglottitis now less common in children?
Immunisation against H. influenzae B