Pathology Flashcards
What is the pathological abnormality in cholesteatoma?
Abnormally situated squamous cells, increased turnover, keratinisation and inflammation.
In vestibular Scwannoma, what potential disease should be considered if the lesions occur in a young person and are bilateral?
Neurofibromatosis
What should be considered if nasal polyps occur in children?
Cystic fibrosis
Why are rhinitis and sinusitis rarely seen in the pathology department?
Rarely need to biopsy
What is Wegener’s granulomatosis?
Autoimmune (cANCA +ve) disease characterised by small vessel vasculitis
What ENT symptoms are seen in Wegener’s?
Congestion, septal perforation, epistaxis
Give examples of malignant nasal tumours.
Squamous cell carcinoma (most common), nasopharyngeal carcinoma
What is NPC associated with?
EBV and dietary nitrosamines
How are laryngeal polyps caused?
Smoking, vocal abuse, ulcers
Where do paragangliomas arise?
Neuroendorcrine clusters around the body
What is squamous papilloma of the throat associated with?
HPV exposure
What are the two peaks of incidence of squamous papilloma of the throat?
<5 years, between 20-40
Which inherited condition can paraganglioma be part of it?
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome
