Rheumatology Flashcards

1
Q

if pain eases with use, inflamm or degenerative?

A

inflamm

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2
Q

significant early morning stiffness, inflamm or degenerative?

A

inflamm

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3
Q

responds to NSAIDs, what type of arthritis?

A

rheumatoid/inflamm

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4
Q

hands and feet, what type of arthritis?

A

inflammatory

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5
Q

1st carpo-metacarpal joint
distal interphalangeal joints
knees
what type of arthritis?

A

osteoarthritis

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6
Q

what is parasthesia?

A

pins and needles

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7
Q

what is enthesitis?

A

inflamm of entheses

where ligaments/tendons insert into bone

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8
Q

dactylitis

A

inflammation of a digit [sausage]

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9
Q

CRP is produced by the liver in response to what?

A

IL-6 [pro-inflammatory cytokine]

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10
Q

what are auto-antibodies?

A

immunoglobulins that bind to self antigens

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11
Q

what auto-antibodies are present in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

RF [rheumatoid factor]

CCP [cyclic citrullinated peptide]

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12
Q

what auto-antibodies are present in SLE?

A
  1. ANA [anti nuclear antibody] - binds to antigens within cell nucleus
  2. double stranded DNA
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13
Q

crystals in synovial fluid:

negatively birefringent needles suggest..?

A

gout

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14
Q

crystals in synovial fluid:

positively birefringent rhomboids suggest..?

A

pseudogout

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15
Q

what is polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

pain and stiffness

in neck, shoulders, upper arms, hips

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16
Q

treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis?

A

corticosteroids

prednisolone

17
Q

systemic vasculitides of large vessels

A

polymyalgia rheumatica / giant cell arteritis

takayasu’s arteritis

18
Q

systemic vasculitides of medium vessels

A

polyarteritis nodosa

Kawasaki’s disease

19
Q

ANCA +ve systemic vasculitides of small vessels

A

microscopic polyangiitis
Wegener’s granulomatosis
Churg-Strauss syndrome

20
Q

ANCA -ve systemic vasculitides of small vessels

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura
cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis
essential cryoglobulinaemia

21
Q

what sort of drugs are azathioprine and cyclophosphamide?

A

immunosuppressive

22
Q

which organs does microscopic polyarteritis/polyangiitis involve?

A

lungs

kidneys

23
Q

diagnosis of microscopic polyarteritis/polyangiitis by…

A

renal biopsy

serum p-ANCA

24
Q

churg-strauss syndrome characterised by triad of…

A

asthma
eosinophilia
systemic vasculitis [peripheral nerves & skin]

25
Q

henoch-schonlein purpura most commonly seen in what age group?

A

children

26
Q

polyarteritis nodosa predominantly affects… [age/sex]

A

middle-aged men

27
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica / giant cell arteritis affects which age group?

A

patients older than 50 years

28
Q

onset of henoch-schonlein purpura often preceded by what type of infection?

A

acute upper resp tract infection

29
Q

henoch-schonlein purpura characterised by vascular deposition of what?

A

IgA-dominant immune complexes

30
Q

henoch-schonlein purpura predominantly presents with what?

A

purpuric rash - mainly on legs and buttocks

31
Q

what are cryoglobulins?

A

PROTEINS (complement/Ig)

precipitate reversibly in the cold

32
Q

Behcet’s disease is characterised by?

A

recurrent oral ulceration

33
Q

name the seronegative spondyloarthropathies

A

ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthritis
reactive arthritis
enteropathic arthritis

34
Q

name the autoimmune rheumatic diseases

A
SLE
antiphospholipid syndrome
systemic sclerosis [scleroderma]
polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Sjogren's syndrome
35
Q

polymyositis is characterised by?

A

inflammation and necrosis of skeletal muscle fibres

36
Q

what conditions of bone does profound vitamin D deficiency cause in adults and in children?

A

osteomalacia in adults

rickets in children