Rheumatology Flashcards
if pain eases with use, inflamm or degenerative?
inflamm
significant early morning stiffness, inflamm or degenerative?
inflamm
responds to NSAIDs, what type of arthritis?
rheumatoid/inflamm
hands and feet, what type of arthritis?
inflammatory
1st carpo-metacarpal joint
distal interphalangeal joints
knees
what type of arthritis?
osteoarthritis
what is parasthesia?
pins and needles
what is enthesitis?
inflamm of entheses
where ligaments/tendons insert into bone
dactylitis
inflammation of a digit [sausage]
CRP is produced by the liver in response to what?
IL-6 [pro-inflammatory cytokine]
what are auto-antibodies?
immunoglobulins that bind to self antigens
what auto-antibodies are present in rheumatoid arthritis?
RF [rheumatoid factor]
CCP [cyclic citrullinated peptide]
what auto-antibodies are present in SLE?
- ANA [anti nuclear antibody] - binds to antigens within cell nucleus
- double stranded DNA
crystals in synovial fluid:
negatively birefringent needles suggest..?
gout
crystals in synovial fluid:
positively birefringent rhomboids suggest..?
pseudogout
what is polymyalgia rheumatica?
pain and stiffness
in neck, shoulders, upper arms, hips
treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis?
corticosteroids
prednisolone
systemic vasculitides of large vessels
polymyalgia rheumatica / giant cell arteritis
takayasu’s arteritis
systemic vasculitides of medium vessels
polyarteritis nodosa
Kawasaki’s disease
ANCA +ve systemic vasculitides of small vessels
microscopic polyangiitis
Wegener’s granulomatosis
Churg-Strauss syndrome
ANCA -ve systemic vasculitides of small vessels
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis
essential cryoglobulinaemia
what sort of drugs are azathioprine and cyclophosphamide?
immunosuppressive
which organs does microscopic polyarteritis/polyangiitis involve?
lungs
kidneys
diagnosis of microscopic polyarteritis/polyangiitis by…
renal biopsy
serum p-ANCA
churg-strauss syndrome characterised by triad of…
asthma
eosinophilia
systemic vasculitis [peripheral nerves & skin]
henoch-schonlein purpura most commonly seen in what age group?
children
polyarteritis nodosa predominantly affects… [age/sex]
middle-aged men
polymyalgia rheumatica / giant cell arteritis affects which age group?
patients older than 50 years
onset of henoch-schonlein purpura often preceded by what type of infection?
acute upper resp tract infection
henoch-schonlein purpura characterised by vascular deposition of what?
IgA-dominant immune complexes
henoch-schonlein purpura predominantly presents with what?
purpuric rash - mainly on legs and buttocks
what are cryoglobulins?
PROTEINS (complement/Ig)
precipitate reversibly in the cold
Behcet’s disease is characterised by?
recurrent oral ulceration
name the seronegative spondyloarthropathies
ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthritis
reactive arthritis
enteropathic arthritis
name the autoimmune rheumatic diseases
SLE antiphospholipid syndrome systemic sclerosis [scleroderma] polymyositis/dermatomyositis Sjogren's syndrome
polymyositis is characterised by?
inflammation and necrosis of skeletal muscle fibres
what conditions of bone does profound vitamin D deficiency cause in adults and in children?
osteomalacia in adults
rickets in children
