Rheumatology

Question 1

if pain eases with use, inflamm or degenerative?

Answer 1

inflamm

Question 2

significant early morning stiffness, inflamm or degenerative?

Answer 2

inflamm

Question 3

responds to NSAIDs, what type of arthritis?

Answer 3

rheumatoid/inflamm

Question 4

hands and feet, what type of arthritis?

Answer 4

inflammatory

Question 5

1st carpo-metacarpal joint
distal interphalangeal joints
knees
what type of arthritis?

Answer 5

osteoarthritis

Question 6

what is parasthesia?

Answer 6

pins and needles

Question 7

what is enthesitis?

Answer 7

inflamm of entheses

where ligaments/tendons insert into bone

Question 8

dactylitis

Answer 8

inflammation of a digit [sausage]

Question 9

CRP is produced by the liver in response to what?

Answer 9

IL-6 [pro-inflammatory cytokine]

Question 10

what are auto-antibodies?

Answer 10

immunoglobulins that bind to self antigens

Question 11

what auto-antibodies are present in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 11

RF [rheumatoid factor]

CCP [cyclic citrullinated peptide]

Question 12

what auto-antibodies are present in SLE?

Answer 12

1. ANA [anti nuclear antibody] - binds to antigens within cell nucleus
2. double stranded DNA

Question 13

crystals in synovial fluid:

negatively birefringent needles suggest..?

Answer 13

gout

Question 14

crystals in synovial fluid:

positively birefringent rhomboids suggest..?

Answer 14

pseudogout

Question 15

what is polymyalgia rheumatica?

Answer 15

pain and stiffness

in neck, shoulders, upper arms, hips

Question 16

treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis?

Answer 16

corticosteroids

prednisolone

Question 17

systemic vasculitides of large vessels

Answer 17

polymyalgia rheumatica / giant cell arteritis

takayasu’s arteritis

Question 18

systemic vasculitides of medium vessels

Answer 18

polyarteritis nodosa

Kawasaki’s disease

Question 19

ANCA +ve systemic vasculitides of small vessels

Answer 19

microscopic polyangiitis
Wegener’s granulomatosis
Churg-Strauss syndrome

Question 20

ANCA -ve systemic vasculitides of small vessels

Answer 20

Henoch-Schonlein purpura
cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis
essential cryoglobulinaemia

Question 21

what sort of drugs are azathioprine and cyclophosphamide?

Answer 21

immunosuppressive

Question 22

which organs does microscopic polyarteritis/polyangiitis involve?

Answer 22

lungs

kidneys

Question 23

diagnosis of microscopic polyarteritis/polyangiitis by…

Answer 23

renal biopsy

serum p-ANCA

Question 24

churg-strauss syndrome characterised by triad of…

Answer 24

asthma
eosinophilia
systemic vasculitis [peripheral nerves & skin]

Question 25

henoch-schonlein purpura most commonly seen in what age group?

Answer 25

children

Question 26

polyarteritis nodosa predominantly affects... [age/sex]

Answer 26

middle-aged men

Question 27

polymyalgia rheumatica / giant cell arteritis affects which age group?

Answer 27

patients older than 50 years

Question 28

onset of henoch-schonlein purpura often preceded by what type of infection?

Answer 28

acute upper resp tract infection

Question 29

henoch-schonlein purpura characterised by vascular deposition of what?

Answer 29

IgA-dominant immune complexes

Question 30

henoch-schonlein purpura predominantly presents with what?

Answer 30

purpuric rash - mainly on legs and buttocks

Question 31

what are cryoglobulins?

Answer 31

PROTEINS (complement/Ig) | precipitate reversibly in the cold

Question 32

Behcet's disease is characterised by?

Answer 32

recurrent oral ulceration

Question 33

name the seronegative spondyloarthropathies

Answer 33

ankylosing spondylitis psoriatic arthritis reactive arthritis enteropathic arthritis

Question 34

name the autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Answer 34

``` SLE antiphospholipid syndrome systemic sclerosis [scleroderma] polymyositis/dermatomyositis Sjogren's syndrome ```

Question 35

polymyositis is characterised by?

Answer 35

inflammation and necrosis of skeletal muscle fibres

Question 36

what conditions of bone does profound vitamin D deficiency cause in adults and in children?

Answer 36

osteomalacia in adults | rickets in children