Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHTH 565 - Rheumatology > Rheumatoid Arthritis > Flashcards

Rheumatoid Arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

Onset of RA?

A

35-50 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Higher prevalence in _______ population

A

aboriginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RA is an _______ disease

A

autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In response to immunologic factors, ______ ______ become inflamed

A

synovial membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Synovial cell proliferation = ______

A

hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

First thing that happens in RA?

A

Synovitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Increased __________ brings in a lot of inflammatory cells

A

vascularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Articular damage is caused by _____

A

pannus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pannus = _______ tissue formed within synovium

A

granulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inflammatory mediators such as ____ and ___ can cause joint damage

A

IL-6; TNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bone _____ can be effected if inflammation is not controlled

A

density (OP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The pannus spreads over the articular cartilage and erodes the underlying _____ and _____.

A

cartilage; bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pannus may extend over time to the opposite articular surface creating _____ _____, _______ and ______.

A

scar tissue; adhesions; ankylosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bone becomes _____, ligaments and tendons are damaged or ruptured, and surrounding muscular _______ leaving the joints unstable and prone to _______.

A

osteopenic; deteriorate; deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Synovial cells become more _____ in the pannus.

A

fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

______ occurs at the end stage of the disease.

A

ankylosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Familial hx of RA = overall increased risk by __x.

A

2x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

RF is a genetic marker present in ___% of people with RA

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

RF accounts for about __% of the genetic risk for RA

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

There is elevated RF in __-__% of healthy persons > 60 yo.

A

5-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

High RF count cannot be used as a dx for RA as many other diseases can also have a high RF count. Name 4?

A
  1. lupus
  2. syphilis
  3. chronic hepatitis
  4. IPF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

________ _______ = RF -ve and with clinical symptoms of RA

A

seronegative arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Seronegative arthritis found in __% of patients

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Increased risk of RA after ____ _____

A

child birth

25
Q

Increased risk of RA after childbirth may be due to increased ______.

A

prolactin

26
Q

Cigarette smoking ____ the risk of RA, esp. in (men/women)

A

increases; men

27
Q

In terms of diet, decreased risk with consumption of what 3 things?

A
  1. olive oil
  2. fish (> 3 x per week)
  3. drinking tea (> 3 cups/day)
28
Q

A dx of RA is made when >/= __/7 criteria are met

A

4

29
Q

What are the 7 criteria for RA?

A
  1. morning stiffness > 1 hour (>/=6 weeks)
  2. arthritis of >/= 3 joints ((>/=6 weeks)
  3. arthritis of hand joints (>/=6 weeks)
  4. symmetric arthritis (>/=6 weeks)
  5. rheumatoid nodules
  6. serum rheumatoid factor +
  7. radiographic changes
30
Q

RA often spares the ___ joint

A

DIP

31
Q

What are 10 clinical features of RA?

A
  1. pain
  2. stiffness
  3. fatigue
  4. decreased ROM
  5. often involves small joints
  6. often symmetrical
  7. swelling
  8. joint deformity
  9. mm atrophy
  10. extraarticular features
32
Q

________ use in individuals with RA can increase muscle atrophy.

A

corticosteroid

33
Q

Nodules develop _______

A

subcutaneously

34
Q

Nodules are occasionally found in ___ and ___ tissues, which = poorer prognosis

A

heart; lung

35
Q

Rheumatoid nodules affects about ___% of patients at some point during the disease

A

30

36
Q

Rheumatoid nodules occur (earlier/later) in the disease progress

A

later

37
Q

Where are rheumatoid nodules typically found ?

A

elbow, fingers, wrist and hip joint, lower back, achilles tendon

38
Q

Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon is prevalent in __% of RA pt’s

A

17

39
Q

Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon caused by _______ in capillaries when exposed to cold or stress

A

vasospasm

40
Q

4 management strategies in RA?

A
  1. meds
  2. rehab intereventions
  3. lifestyle modification / self-management
  4. sx
41
Q

2 drugs that halt the disease process?

A
  1. traditional DMARD (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)
  2. biologic DMARD
42
Q

Most powerful fast acting anti-inflammatory ?

A

corticosteroid

43
Q

First line rx in RA?

A

DMARD

44
Q

DMARD should be used early and consistently to prevent ________ joint damage.

A

irreversible

45
Q

Example of a DMARD?

A

methotrexate

46
Q

What is the rehab goal in the acute phase of RA?

A

control/decrease inflammation, control pain

47
Q

Do not stretch an acutely inflamed joint because the _____ ______ is already distended

A

synovial membrane

48
Q

4 rehab interventions in the acute?

A
  1. balance rest and activity - energy conservation
  2. ice
  3. splints, positioning
  4. ROM exercises
49
Q

5 rehab goals in the chronic phase?

A
  1. improve knowledge about RA and active self-management
  2. improve pain and stiffness
  3. improve function and activity level
  4. prevent deformity
  5. address muscle imbalance
50
Q

4 rehab interventions to improve pain and stiffness in chronic phase?

A
  1. modalities
  2. positioning, supports, splints
  3. exercise - ROM, gentle strengthening
  4. energy conservation
51
Q

____ prevention education is important in the chronic phase

A

falls

52
Q

Those with RA should avoid a _____ lifestyle

A

sedentary

53
Q

3 skills needed for self-management of RA?

A
  1. problem-solving
  2. self-monitoring
  3. communication
54
Q

4 R’s in sx management of RA?

A
  1. Remove
  2. Re-align
  3. Rest
  4. Replace
55
Q

Remove in terms of sx management?

A

synovectomy, MTP resection

56
Q

Re-align in terms of sx management?

A

tendon rupture repairs

57
Q

Rest in terms of sx management?

A

arthrodesis of the ankle, wrist, C1-C2

58
Q

Replace in terms of sx management?

A

arthroplasty hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, MCP joints

59
Q

Decreasing ____ and ____ are the most important goals from the patents perspective

A

pain; fatigue

PHTH 565 - Rheumatology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions