Rhetoric and Fallacies

Question 1

stacking the cards in favor of the product; advertisers stress is positive qualities and ignore negative

Answer 1

Card Stacking

Question 1

refers to when an argument ignores, rejects, or omits evidence supporting the opposing side

Answer 1

Stack the Deck

Question 2

an irrelevant point placed into an argument to throw off the reader or viewer

Answer 2

Red Herring

Question 3

an argument is directed toward a person’s character instead of toward the position the person is taking or the topic being discussed

Answer 3

Ad hominem

Question 4

when someone takes another person’s argument or point, distorts it or exaggerates it in some kind of extreme way, and then attacks the extreme distortion, as if that is really the claim the first person is making

Answer 4

Strawman

Question 5

the assumption that the popular choice is the correct one to make, thereby getting on the “bandwagon with everyone else

Answer 5

Bandwagon

Question 6

argument is one in which the speaker presents themselves as an average Joe — a common person who can understand and empathize with a listener’s concerns.

Answer 6

Plain folks

Question 7

Insert an endorsement of the argument by someone who is popular or respected but who lacks expertise or authority in the area under discussion

Answer 7

Testimonials

Question 8

The argument supports a position by citing the endorsement of someone who is well-known (famous

Answer 8

Celebrities

Question 9

brought to bear in support of a product or service

Answer 9

Expert Opinions

Question 10

to engage the audience’s feeling

Answer 10

Emotional Appeal

Question 11

words with strong positive or negative connotations) to evoke emotions in the reader or create a subconscious awareness about the product

Answer 11

Loaded words

Question 12

arguments appeal to people’s desire to elevate their status

Answer 12

Snob Appeal

Question 13

the credibility of the speaker

Answer 13

ethos

Question 14

emotion

Answer 14

Pathos

Question 15

logical statements

Answer 15

Logos

Question 16

occurs when someone makes an argument that something happened as a consequence of another event that occurred before

Answer 16

post hoc fallacy

Question 17

occurs when a conclusion is made that lacks a basis in facts. While the argument may appear to follow a straight line, there are underlying complexities, and the argument really follows a zigzag pattern

Answer 17

ergo propter hoc

Question 18

when someone insists a minor action or event is responsible for a long chain of events that will end badly

Answer 18

slippery slope

Question 19

assumed that because two things happened together, one caused the other. In this example, the teachers in a private and public school are compared

Answer 19

false analogy/causation

Question 20

occurs when two different things are called the same name. In these types of arguments, the words in question shift meaning as the argument progresses

Answer 20

Equivocation