language and writing Flashcards
Comparing an object or action to something else which is not literally applicable.
Metaphor
Comparing two things using the words “like” or “as.”
Simile
exaggeration in a statement or claim in order to make a point.
Hyperbole
Giving human characteristics to objects or animals
Personification
Repeating the first letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected word
Alliteration
a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa
Synecdoche
A set of rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences
Syntax
The study of word or symbol meaning
Semantics
A particular form of a language that is associated with a specific group of people or region.
Dialect
the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.
Vernacular
is a linguistic behavior in which individuals change how they speak according to their audience.
Code-switching
I, we, me, myself, us, our
First person POV
You, your, yourself
Second person POV
he, she, it, they, them, theirs, her
Nonfiction
Third person POV
he, she, it, they, them, theirs, hers
Fiction
Narrator is outside story
Narrator has limited access to minds and motivations of other characters
Mostly follows actions and thoughts of main character
Third person limited POV
he, she, it, they, them, theirs, hers
Fiction
Narrator is outside story
Narrator is all-knowing and understands motivations and actions of all characters
Third person omniscient POV
contrast between what a character sees or says and what the reader understands to be true
Dramatic irony
discrepancy between what happens and what the reader expects to happen.
Situational irony
A lawyer pressing a witness into admitting something that will help their case. Your parents asking you questions about the weekend they were gone, knowing you held a party.
Socratic irony
Mexican-American English, is a dialect of American English spoken primarily by Mexican Americans
Chicano language
The core meaning of the word
(stand-alone word)
Roots
Attached to the back of a word
-ing -ed -ful
Suffixes
Attached to the front of a word
Un- re- dis-
Affixes
a first-hand or contemporary account of an event or topic
original documents e.g. birth certificates, trial transcripts
Primary sources
one that was created later by someone that did not experience firsthand or participate in the events in which the author is writing about
Secondary sources
.gov = credible
.net .com .org = not credible
Credibility of sources
is a term used to describe the purpose of communication
Modes of writing
to prove the author’s point through reasoning and evidence
Argumentative
is to convince the reader that the author’s opinion is correct
Persuasive
to explain or inform about a topic
Expository
to tell a story about an event
Narrative
to vividly describe the topic in a way that enables the reader to picture it
Descriptive
writing with the purpose to inform
Informative
are strategies a reader can use to evaluate a text for meaning.
Literary analysis theory
explores gender equality and uses the idea that women should be equal in society to men to critique a text
Feminist theory
- focusing on how the READER creates meaning from a text, not the author
Reader response
the proactive solution for delivering the skills and strategies to positively influence the news media in the event of a crisis
Media response
a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.
Inference
the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.
Critical thinking
a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.
Analogies
the comparison, analysis, interpretation, and/or evaluation of works of literature
Literary criticism
Use this to check your spelling as you complete a document using your computer’s word processor.
Spell checker
Use when you need to locate a more suitable synonym for a word that you want to use
Thesaurus
Use when you need to define a word, determine its origin, or know the part of speech
Dictionary
Use when you want to write in a uniform style, create citations for a research paper, or write for a specialized discipline (such as medicine or law).
Style manual
a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically.
Encyclopedia
a book published every year that contains information about the movements of the planets, the changes of the moon and the tides, and the dates of important anniversarie
Almanac
supplementary material at the end of a book, article, document, or other text, usually of an explanatory, statistical, or bibliographic nature
Appendix
