grammar Flashcards
One independent clause
My hat is blue.
Simple sentences
Two or more independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction
My hat is blue, and my shoes are white.
Compound sentences
Contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause joined by a subordinating conjunction
My shoes are brown because they are covered in mud.
Complex sentences
At least two independent clauses and one dependent clause
My hat is blue, and my shoes are brown because they are covered in mud.
Compound-complex sentences
Explains the previous term
Raegan, my best friend, …
Appositive phrase
To + a verb
I want to run a mile
Infinitive Phrase
Specifics location, lace, time, or direction
Prepositional phrase
-ing
Drinking water when it’s hot…
Gerund phrase
Modifies a participle or verb ending in -ed or -ing
Tired after a long walk…
Participal phrase
A group of words that act as a noun
The red car…
Noun phrase
Main verb + helping verb
I was walking home.
Verb phrase
Stands alone as a sentence
Ex: The lion roared at the hyenas.
Independent clause
Begins with a subordinating conjunction
Ex: Since they are covered in mud, …
Dependent clause
Begins with a relative and is used to add detail
Ex: My best friend, who is allergic to
Relative clause
The clause functions as a noun
Ex: Who I want to call is my dad.
Noun clause
Connects two clauses of equal rank
FANBOYS
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Coordinating conjunctions
Connects a dependent clause with an independent clause
Although, because, in order to, once, since, though, unless
Subordinating conjunctions
the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence.
The students are taught by the professor.
Passive voice
the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object
The professor teaches the students.
Active voice
Repetition of specific grammatical structures
Walking the dogs, reading my books, and looking at hotels…
Parallel Structure
Singular vs plural
Subject-verb agreement
In the wrong place in a sentence
I had a cold plate of spaghetti versus I had a plate of cold spaghetti.
Dangling/Misplaced modifiers
“to place something down flat,” while lie means “to be in a flat position on a surface
lie vs lay
