Reward and Attention Flashcards
what is reward-biased attention
attention that is focused cues in the world that predict reward
what mental disorder could an overactive reward-bias on attention lead to?
addiction
what is the action tendency when seeing reward cues?
seeking
what would Panksepp call seeking reward?
stimulus-bound appetitive behaviour
what neurotransmitter fuels seeking behaviour
dopamine
what is dopamine’s general function?
‘wanting’ chemical
role in motivated behaviour and predicting reward
what is incentive salience
when a cue stands out because of its associated reward
what can incentive salience be compared to from the emotion motivation unti?
emotional salience
what is the process tha happens when witnessing a cue with incentive salience?
see the cue
get craving
automatic response action
what are the emotions associated with seeking behaviour
desire
hope
anticipation
what are the characteristics of reward-biased attention that lead to addiction?
attention is:
habitual
involuntary
what parts of the dopamine system are activated when we experience a reward?
mesolimbic
mesocortical
what is the projection of the mesolimbic DA system
VTA -> nucleus accumbens
what is the projection of the mesocortical DA system?
VTA -> PFC
what is the function of the nucleus accumbens
motivation
what is the proof that dopamine is not only a pleasure molecule
spike in dopamine release happens before reward is received
spike in dopamine happens when reward associated stimuli are present
what triggers dopamine activation in the nucleus accumbens
expecting a reward
receiving an unexpected reward
what role does the caudate and putamen play
transfer info from the cortex to the basal ganglia
habit forming
motivational influences on attention
motor control
where is dopamine produced
substantia nigra
VTA
what are the two kinds of ways dopamine can be received
tonic
phasic
what is tonic dopamine
dopamine received slowly and in a sustained maner
what is the role of tonic dopamine
general seeking behaviour
what is phasic dopamine
dopamine received in fast bursts
what is the role of phasic dopamine
prediction error for expectations specific to dopamine neurons
signalling reward expectation
who coined the term incentive salience
Berridge
how does dopamine work as prediction error for expectations or reward?
expectations are met = action becomes habit
expectations not met = we adapt/learn and adjust our behaviour
what does VDAC stand for
value-driven attentional capture
what is VDAC
form of reward-biased attention that measures incentive salience
what did we learn from anderson about VDAC
objects that predict reward befostill capture attention
people who show more VDAC to cues that used to predict reward show more dopamine in the dorsal striatum in the presence of cues
people with less VDAC show less DA in the presence of reward cues
DA signalling is important for habit
what is the relationship between depression and incentive salience
depression is the lack of motivation to seek reward
expectation of reward is gone therefore we no longer seek it
what is the importance of finding the lack of VDAC in depressed patients
the info we pay attention to is used in memory and decision-making
attention to rewards is needed to make positive memories, associations and evaluations
