Episodic memory

Question 1

what are the two categories of amnesia?

Answer 1

retrograde
anterograde

Question 2

retrograde amnesia

Answer 2

cannot recall events from their life before the critical event that affected their brain

Question 3

anterograde amnesia

Answer 3

cannot form new memories after a critical event that affected their brain

Question 4

true or false; someone can only have one type of amnsesia at a time

Answer 4

false; someone may have both retrograde and anterograde amnesia at the same time

Question 5

what are the stages of memory

Answer 5

encoding
consolidation
retrieval
reconsolidation

Question 6

what is encoding? What is it influenced by?

Answer 6

the first experience of an event
influenced by attention and perception

Question 7

what is consolidation

Answer 7

strengthening of memory so it will endure over time

Question 8

what is consolidation at the synaptic level

Answer 8

physiological
cascade of molecular/cellular mechanisms
completed in minutes-hours
present in all neurons that support memory across species

Question 9

what is consolidation at the systems level

Answer 9

psychological
new experiences react with existing cognitive map
reorganization of memory across larger brain networks because of new experiences

Question 10

what is retrieval

Answer 10

recalling of information from memory

Question 11

what is reconsolidation

Answer 11

when memory is changed after retrieval

Question 12

why can memory change after reconsolidation

Answer 12

memories become unstable when retrieved so that new information can be integrated before they are reconsolidated

Question 13

what can the unstable state of retrieved memories cause

Answer 13

updated memories
false memories

Question 14

what brain regions were damaged due to clive’s illness?

Answer 14

hippocampus
right medial temporal lobe
left medial and lateral temporal lobe
ventral PFC
fornix

Question 15

what are temporal lobe regions important for

Answer 15

semantic memory

Question 16

what is the vPFC important for

Answer 16

controlling emotion and behaviour

Question 17

what is the fornix important for

Answer 17

structural connectivity with white matter tracts
connects hippocampus and hypothalamus

Question 18

what were the consequences of Clive’s retrograde amnesia

Answer 18

no episodic recall
some semantic recall
functioning procedural memory

Question 19

what were the consequences of Clive’s anterograde amnesia

Answer 19

no encoding of episodic memories
some encoding of new semantic memories
functioning but slow encoding of procedural memories

Question 20

Clive has some recollection of memories. what type of memory is this likely to be?

Answer 20

associative (conditioned) memory

Question 21

what underlies explicit self awareness

Answer 21

autonoetic consciousness

Question 22

what is autoneotic consciousness

Answer 22

the ability to place ourselves in past or future situations

Question 23

what does explicit self awareness allow us to do?

Answer 23

allows reflection on the contents of episodic memory

Question 24

what does the word noetic mean

Answer 24

mental activity/ intellect

Question 25

what other mental processes is Clive missing

Answer 25

missing conscious sense of self
aka autonoetic consciousness