Revolutions Flashcards
Who was Georges Sorrel?
A French revolutionary thinker whose ideas influenced both left and right
What were necessary in the fascist framework?
War and violence
How did fascism offer people the best of all worlds?
Order and hierarchy would be preserved, private property would not. E expropriated but social justice would be done
What examples are there of old right regimes?
Franco’s Spain and Metaxas’ Greece
Where did new right regimes exist and how did they get power?
Italy and Germany, they seized and sustained power through the instruments of mass politics
When was the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich and who led it?
November 8-9, 1923 led by Hitler
Why was the Beer Hall Putsch important?
It made Hitler realise he needed to change his strategy and made him realise the importance of popular support
What was Red Biennium?
Two years of intense social conflict in Italy in 1919 and 1920
When was the March on Rome?
1922
When did Russian political parties gain a legal parliamentary forum?
Not until 1906 which meant they were extremely radical from having to exist underground
Why was Lenin opposed to World War One?
He wanted violence to be revolutionary
When was the New Economic Plan introduced in Russia and what did it do?
1921 and it returned to a controlled form of capitalism to give the country some time to recover from the Civil War
When did the Soviet Union return to a planned economy?
1928
What was the aim of the 1928-1933 economic plan?
To collectivise agriculture but it was deemed completed in 1932
When was the famine in Ukraine?
1932-1933
What was the aim of the 1933-1937 economic plan?
To industrialise the country focusing on the development of heavy industry
When was unemployment eliminated from the Soviet Union?
1930
When was the socialist revolution in Hungary?
1918
When did Béla Kun seize power in Hungary?
Early 1919 when he proclaimed a Soviet Republic
When did Hungary return to right wing politics?
Autumn 1919 when Admiral Horthy seized power with the support of the Entente powers and the Romanian army
Why were Britain and France an anomaly?
Because their populations demobilised at the end of World War One and became largely peaceful
When did António Salazar seize power in Portugal?
In 1933
What did Peter Holquist argue about the revolutions and civil wars that took place in Europe immediately following 1918?
That they should be considered a continuation and transformation of the war
