Coercive States Flashcards
Why was democracy disliked?
It was a new concept and seen as divisive
What was central to a lot of authoritarian states?
The notion of the new man
Which regimes were all alike and why?
Stalinist Russia, Francoist Spain and Nazi Germany were alike because all the regimes emerged from war
Where did social separation take place?
USSR, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Spain
Why did societies want homogenous populations?
Because they were perceived to be more stable and governable
Where were concentration camps used?
Germany, France, Spain, Italy and Britain
What was social complicity?
Making other parts of society participate in alienating groups
Why was World War One a major trigger for creating community aliens?
The fear induced state of mind it caused, created a state of mind that permitted atrocities and loosened ethical restraints
When were the Nuremberg Race Laws issued and what did they do?
1935, they effectively stripped those considered to be of non-German blood of citizenship
When was Kristallnacht?
November 1938
What happened as the Nazis became secure in their power?
Policy was radicalised
When was the Polish Minority Protection Law repealed?
1934
When did the Polish government begin a boycott of Jewish businesses?
In the 1930s to create a Polish middle class
What was the cost of the Russian Civil War?
The alienation of the entire peasantry
How did the Soviet Union attempt to control the peasantry?
Through Forced Collectivisation
What was the enemy in the Soviet Union?
Class
Who were the first targets of violence and repression in the Soviet Union?
Kulaks and bourgeois intellectuals
How many people died in the Ukrainian famine?
2-3,000,000
What were the Soviet Union’s welfare measures aimed towards?
Freeing women for integration into the work force
When were the Reich Security Laws passed?
January 1933
When was Dachau established and who was it to deal with?
1934, to deal with political prisoners
Who was sent to Dachau?
Trade unionists, Social Democrats and Communists
Who was sent to concentration camps?
Political prisoners, Communists, gypsies, undesirables, Social Democrats, homosexuals and Jews
Why did Germans and other nations accept the camps?
Because of fear and because they were seen as a new form of policing
Why were Germans, and others across Europe, so concerned about themselves that they cared little for the fate of others?
The background of the depression, hyperinflation and unemployment
How many seats did the Nazis gain in the Reichstag in 1930?
143
How many seats did the Nazis gain in the Reichstag in 1932?
230
When was the Reichstag fire and who was it blamed on?
February 1933, blamed on the Communists and used to ban political parties
When was the Enabling Act passed?
March 23, 1933
What was the Volksgemeinschaft?
The national community
Why did people consent to Nazi rule?
It was improving the situation the majority of people were living in
How did Frank Bajohr describe the Third Reich?
A dictatorship of bottom up consent
When did Franco pass the Law of Political Responsibility?
February 13, 1939
What happened in Malaga in February 1937?
20,000 people were prosecuted in 100 days; 3,000 of these were given the death sentence
How many people did Franco’s military judges hand down sentences to between 1936 and 1945?
More than 1,000,000
When did Franco win the civil war?
April 1, 1939
What did Franco want to reverse?
Land and rural labour reforms that had been passed by the Popular Front governments
What was Francoism based on?
Radical segregation
How many people were murdered during the Spanish Civil War?
100,000
How many people were killed in the ten years following the Spanish Civil War?
50,000
What did the leaders try to do in Romania?
Create fascist state structures
What did the Legion of the Archangel Michael want to do?
They wanted to keep foreigners out of Romania who they believed were threatening the safety and security of the state and Romanian people
Why were camps set up in Romania?
To mould the new Romanian man
Why did the Bolsheviks have to be ruthless in their creation of the national community?
Because they did not have mass support
What kinds of people were seen as a threat to the national community?
Alcoholics, prostitutes and the homeless
