Resistance Flashcards
What did Jews often say when discussing resistance?
They talked about the chance to have a glorious death rather than going like sheep to the slaughter
What was the assumption Jews made before taking part in armed resistance?
That there was no way they could survive
Why did more Jews not choose armed resistance?
Armed resistance was almost a certain death sentence and most Jews refused to accept or did not know about the reality of the extermination camps
Which Judenrat supported covert resistance?
Minsk
What did they believe in the Łódź ghetto?
That work was their salvation and so they stamped out any kind of resistance
What forms of resistance were there in the labour camps?
Sabotage and working slowly
What was the biggest example of resistance?
The Warsaw ghetto uprising
Who was the Warsaw ghetto uprising organised by?
Zionists and Bundists
When were the first planned deportations from the Warsaw ghetto meant to take place?
July 22, 1942
When was the Jewish fighting organisation formed in the Warsaw ghetto?
July 28, 1942
Who was the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt commander?
Mordechai Anielwicz
When did the Warsaw ghetto Jewish fighting organisation issue its call to resistance?
January 1943, “let everyone be ready to die like a man”
When did the SS enter the Warsaw ghetto?
April 19, 1943 to clear out the remaining Jews
How many men did the SS start out with to put down to Warsaw ghetto uprising?
850 men and 16 officers to fight 700-800 Jews
How many men did the SS need to end the Warsaw ghetto uprising?
2,054 men and 16 officers
When was the Warsaw ghetto uprising finally put down?
May 16, 1943
How many Jews were captured at the end of the Warsaw ghetto uprising?
56,000 but 5,000-6,000 had been killed in explosions or fires
In how many ghettos between 1941 and 1943 did resistance movements begin?
100
When was there armed fighting in the Vilna ghetto?
September 1942
When was there armed fighting in the Cracow ghetto?
December 1942
When was there armed fighting in the Bedzin-Sosnowiec ghetto?
August 1943
When was there armed fighting in the Bialystok ghetto?
September 1943
What did the resistance in the Kovno ghetto do?
Tried to find escape routes rather than fighting
Who was Dolek Liebeskind and what did he say?
He was the leader of the fighting organisation in the Cracow ghetto and in November 1942 he wrote that Jews were not fighting for survival but for their place in history
Why were the Nazis wary of entering the forests of Eastern Europe?
They did not know the area or the layout and could easily have been ambushed
From which camps were there attempted escapes?
Treblinka, Sobibor and Auschwitz-Birkenau
When was the uprising in Treblinka?
August 2, 1943
How many escaped from Treblinka and how many of those survived?
300 escaped but only 100 made it to the forest
When was there an uprising at Sobibor?
October 14, 1943
What happened after the Sobibor uprising?
The camp ceased to function and was liquidated
How often was a German killed during the Sobibor uprising?
One German every 6 minutes on average
How many escapees from Sobibor survived the war?
12
When was there a revolt at Auschwitz-Birkenau?
October 7, 1944
How many Germans did partisan groups in Lithuania kill?
About 3,000
Why were the young and old a danger to partisan groups?
They made them less mobile and therefore more vulnerable
Where was the Tuvia Bielski partisan family camp and how many of them survived the war?
It was in the forests of Belaruss and 1,236 people managed to survive the war
What kind of Jews chose to resist?
Secular, leftist Jews and the Communist and Zionist youth groups
How was cultural resistance a form of resistance?
The Nazis were trying to dehumanise the Jews so culture was a means of remaining human and therefore a means of resistance
What is passive resistance?
Not changing your life as a response to the persecution
What did Raul Hilberg argue about resistance?
That Jews had unlearned to resits after millennia of being repressed
What did Hannah Arendt suggest about resistance groups?
That there were very small, very weak and essentially harmless
What did Bruno Bettelheim argue about resistance?
That is was important that Jews marched themselves to their deaths rather than giving up life - the element of choice was important
What did Yehuda Bauer argue about resistance?
That German rule in Poland was so brutal that had the Jews not offered any resistance at all they would have been eliminated much quicker
What did Ruby Rohrlich argue about resistance?
That simply surviving can be considered a form of resistance to the German goal of Jewish extermination
What did Goebbels say about the Warsaw ghetto uprising?
“The Jews have actually succeeded in putting the ghetto in a condition to defend itself.”
What different types of resistance are there?
Armed, spiritual, cultural, religious, mental, survival
