Revolution and Civil War Flashcards
Proclamation of 1763
forbade colonies from migrating west of Appalachian Mountains and Ohio River Valley
response: colonists were pissed because it had valuable land with rivers to trade
Post French and Indian War
British was in debt so they started taxing colonies which angered them
Sugar Act of 1764
tax on sugar, textiles, wines, indigo
Stamp Act of 1765
tax on all printed materials
response: colonists protested tax and got it repealed
formed the Sons of liberty
Quartering Act of 1765
quartering of troops
colonists didn’t want soldiers in their houses to they built barracks (private buildings)
boston massacre of 1770
tension btw colonists and the British, ended with soldiers firing and killing colonist
Tea Act of 1773
British East India Company monopolized tea in colonies (they would transport tea and sell to colonists vs only transporting it and allowing colonists to sell it)
response: Boston Tea Party where colonists dumped tea in Boston Harbor
Intolerable Acts
after Boston Tea Party, Parliament (british gov) was mad so they
- closed boston harbor (where colonists would trade)
- more control over colonies
- made colonists quarter more soldiers
response: colonists got together in first continental congress to discuss self-governance and indendence
Thomas Paine
wrote common sense where he basically said that it didn’t make sense for Britain to have control over colonies as they were functioning and governing themselves separately
Causes of American Revolution
- heavy taxes
- unfair trade
- quartering of troops
- violent British gov
Second Continental Congress
wrote Declaration of Independence
written by Thomas Jefferson
Second Continental Congress
wrote Declaration of Independence
written by Thomas Jefferson
Treaty of Paris of 1783
ended the American Revolution and granted US their independence
Proclamation of Neutrality
US will not interfere with European conflicts
Battle of Saratoga
turning point of American Revolution
- colonists won against the British which gained recognition from the French who decided to help the colonists in exchange for exclusive trade
Articles of Confederation
the form of government the colonies followed during the American Revolution
- gave more control to the states than the nation
bc of this national gov couldn’t tax, raise armies, and settle disputes, that’s why it got replaced by constitution
Constitutional Convention
where they planned the ideas that would go on the constitution
Federalists
- supported constitution
- believed in strong central gov
- james madison, alexander hamilton
- john jay wrote federalist papers
anti-federalists
- against constitution
- wanted more power for states
- feared strong national power
-Patrick henry and Thomas Jefferson
Bill of Rights
- resolved conflicts btw federalists and antifederalists
- protected the right of people
Three Fifths Compromise
enslaved people’s vote would count as 3/5 of a person in the Electoral College (increased representation and political power in southern states were the slave population was great)
Fugitive Slave Clause
Northwest Ordinance promised land to enslaved people that escaped to the North
because of this, the Consitution passed this clause that made any escaped slaved be returned to their owners
War of 1912
British were petty so they teamed up with Native Americans to fight against the US
- Britain started impressing American trade ships (making them a part of their navy)
- star spangled banner was written
Treaty of Gehnt
ended the war of 1912
news traveled slowly so British still attacked New Orleans where Andrew Jackson got famous for winning
Era of Good Feelings
after the war of 1812, US citizen’s patriotism grew, military heroes recognized
Manifest Destiny
westward expansion
America grew when they gained Louisiana Purchase, Oregon territory, Mexican territories, and Texas
Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon had access to it but since he was trying to take over Europe he sold it to the US for 15 million
lots of great land
Lewis and Clark Expedition
both of them were the first to explore the Louisiana Territory which had great resources, plants, and animals
Florida Purchase Treaty
The Native American Seminoles occupied most of Florida along with Spaniards and a few Americans
- War of 1812: Americans confused Creeks for Seminoles and beat them so when they got to Florida they wanted them to move but the Seminoles refused
- Seminole Wars: Seminioles killed Americans which angered the US and even though Florida was Spain’s, Andrew Jackson started killing Seminoles so Spain decided to sell the land for 5 million
Oregon Territory
British and Us lived there
northern part: American
southern part: British
Mexican American War
America took over Texas but Mexico never acknowledged their independence, so they fought for Texas
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalglo
ended the Mexican American war
gave California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona lands to US
California Territory
gold rush
- miners worked but got none of the riches
- a large increase in population
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Congress wanted to remove all of the Native Americans and put them in the Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
Worcester v. Georgia
Georgia tried forcing the Cherokee Indians to remove
Cherokee sued Georgia because they said they had no right over that land
Supreme Court sided with Cherokee
Georgia ignored ruling and forced them out
Trail of Tears
marches from tribes, mostly Cherokee moving to the Indian Territory
many died bc of disease, hunger, and weather
Homestead Act
Congress gave settlers to land in exchange for them farming it for 5 years
Germans and Scandinavians immigrated and took advantage which meant competition for Natives since they were willing to do the job for less
Dawes Severalty Act
Congress gave Natives reservation land that beloinged to tribe and they would split it into each male head of household
many immigrants took over this land since natives had no protection
Industrial Revolution
Samuel Slater brought textile mill machines from Britain to US
Robert Fulton
steamboat which facilitated trade
steam engine would be used in trains
Peter Cooper
locomotive
cotton gin
Eli Whitney
Cyrus McCormick
mechanical reaper cut wheat
John Deere
plow thick soil
helped farmers plant and harvest huge crope
Missouri Compromise
Henry Clay made it
separated the North as abolitionists and the south as slave states
Missouri wanted to be a slave state but Maine was going to be a free state
Compromise of 1850
California would be part of the union
Mexican territories could decide if they wanted to be pro or anti slavery
Tariff of Abominations
tariff on imports
benefited north, south was against it
states rights doctrine
because states created national gov, more power to states than nation
nullification doctrine
states could nullify federal law that they thought was unconstitutional
Wilmot proviso
no slavery in Mexican acquired territories, it was ignored
Sectionalism
favor the interest of region vs country
Dred Scott Case
was a free slave who went to Missouri a slave state and tried to fight for his freedom
Supreme Court said he was not a citizen of the US
Civil War
North: against slavery
South: needed slavery for their economy
secession
South Caroline wanted to leave the Union and become independent
southern states followed secession and they became the Confederation
Jefferson Davis
first president of the Confederate States
Rober E Lee
leader of the Confederate army
Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln declared any slave that lived in a state that was rebelling was free
Battle of Gettysburg
turning point of the Civil War
Robert E Lee wanted to surprise attack North but they won the battle
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman was leader of Union army
-they destroyed the crops and took supplies from the South
- went to each city destroying them so it would be hard to reconstruct
Battle of Appomattox Court House
south surrenders
Battle of Appomattox Court House
south surrenders
Reconstruction Era
south had to reconstruct their life after slavery was abolited
Reconstruction Acts of 1867
slowly started to readmit the southern states to the US
Plessy v Ferguson
segregation “separate but equal”
Gilded Age
few got rich as they monopolized while most people were poor
huge corruption and bigger companies took over smaller ones eliminating competition
captains of industry
several men that became super rich bc of industrialization
patronage or spoils system
corruption where businessmen and presidents engaged in a mutual benefit relationship
Pendleton Civil Service Act
tried to stop the corruption of patronage
jobs earned through merit
gov positions had to be earned
Miguel Hidalgo
advocate for independence from Spain, but he wanted to return the land to natives and slavery
killed but inspired others
Plan of Iguala
the Mexican’s “declaration of independence”
Treaty of Cordoba
established Mexico as independent from Spain
Old Three Hundred
Moses Austin secured the first empresarial grant from Spain
was going to lead 300 families to Texas but died so his son Stephen F Austin led them
Tension btw Mexico and Tejanos
more tejanos (American) than Mexicans in TX
different cultures like religion caused tensions
Tejanos wanted slavery and Mexico did not
Mexico prohibited slavery but Tejanos ignored it
Mexico bans any more US immigration to TX
Texas Revolution
started when Mexico asked the colonists for the canon they let them borrow agaisnt the Comanche but colonists did not want to give it back
Battle of Gonzalez
started the Texas Revolutiono
Texas Declaration of Independence
texas wanted their independence from mexico
Battle of the Alamo
Santa Anna took the Alamo and beat Texas soldiers bad
Battle of San Jacinto
Texans were pissed about the alamo so they surprise attacked Santa Anna and won
They held Santa Anna captive and made texas independent
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
gave Texas their independence from mexico
Annexation of Texas
The US took Texas as part of the US and secured the Grande River as the border to Mexico
